Ownership of the Amiga line passed through a few companies, from Escom of Germany in 1995, and then to U. S. PC clone maker Gateway in 1997, before an exclusive lifetime license was made to Amiga, Inc., a Washington company founded by former Gateway employees Bill McEwen and Fleecy Moss in 2000.

Compaq was able to market a legal IBM clone because IBM mostly used " off the shelf " parts for their PC.

Phoenix Technologies would shortly follow their lead, but soon " clone BIOSes " were available from many other companies who reverse engineered IBM's design, then sold their version to the PC clone manufacturers.

It was announced in September 1988 by a consortium of PC clone vendors ( the " Gang of Nine ") as a counter to IBM's use of its proprietary Micro Channel architecture ( MCA ) in its PS / 2 series.

The early success of the Compaq 386 PC played an important role in legitimizing the PC " clone " industry, and in de-emphasizing IBM's role within it.

Other MultiMate products included foreign language versions of the software ( i. e., " MultiTexto " in Spanish ), a hardware interface card for file-transfer with Wang systems and versions of MultiMate for different PC clone MS-DOS computers, and for use on Novell, 3COM and IBM's PC Token Ring networks.

One of the first " clone " versions of MultiMate was bundled with an early portable PC made by Corona.

Some IBM PC clone vendors offered somewhat customised hardware solutions that were delivered running NeXTSTEP on Intel, such as the Elonex NextStation and the Canon object. station 41.

The 3Station's cost lay somewhere between that of an IBM PC clone and an IBM PC of the day.

* 2001 – Viewfinder Podule, AGP adapter allows the use of IBM PC clone AGP graphics cards ( e. g. a range of ATI Rage and Radeon ).

VGA was the last graphical standard introduced by IBM that the majority of PC clone manufacturers conformed to, making it today () the lowest common denominator that almost all post-1990 PC graphics hardware can be expected to implement down to the lowest level of hardware registers, obviating the need for any device-specific firmware or driver software ( while all VGA compatible hardware has on-board firmware as well, the only standardized API of that firmware was created for 16-bit real mode and can't easily be used by newer 32-or 64-bit operating systems ).

Crack intros became more sophisticated on more advanced systems such as the Commodore Amiga and Atari ST, as well as some IBM PC clone systems with sound cards.

The Sperry PC / IT, an IBM PC AT clone, was advertised as capable of supporting eight simultaneous dumb terminal users under this version.

* Timeworks Publisher, this was a Ventura clone for the PC and Atari ST.

In 1983, newly-founded Compaq released the first 100 % IBM PC compatible clone and licensed their own OEM version of DOS 1. 10 ( quickly replaced by DOS 2. 00 ) from Microsoft.

In the early days of less-than-100 % IBM PC compatible systems, Flight Simulator and Lotus 1-2-3 were used as unofficial compatibility test software for new PC clone models.

Perhaps the most well-known " Descent clone " was Forsaken, which was released in 1998 for PC, PlayStation, and Nintendo 64.

However, poor marketing and failure to repeat the technological advances of the first systems meant that the Amiga quickly lost its market share to competing platforms, such as the fourth generation game consoles, Apple Macintosh and IBM PC compatibles.

The first model looked like the later IBM PC ( which came on the market years later ), a rectangular base unit with two floppy drives on the front, and a monitor on top with a separate detachable keyboard.

AMD ex-CEO and founder Jerry Sanders developed strategic partnerships during the late 1990s to improve AMD's presence in the PC market based on the success of the AMD K6 architecture.

However, the battle was in vain, as neither platform captured a significant share of the world computer market and only the Apple Macintosh would survive the industry-wide shift to Microsoft Windows running on PC clones.

By the late 1980s, the personal computer market had become dominated by the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh platforms.

Productivity developers moved to PC and Macintosh, while the console wars took over the gaming market.

By this point, both the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh had a much larger market share than the Amiga platform.

CRT technology remained dominant in the PC monitor market into the new millennium partly because it was cheaper to produce and offered viewing angles close to 180 degrees.

Rosen and Canion had disagreed about how to counter the cheaper Asian PC imports, as Canion wanted Compaq to build lower cost PCs in-house, while Rosen believed that Compaq needed to buy standard components from suppliers and reach the market faster.

Under Pfeiffer's tenure as chief executive, Compaq entered the retail computer market with the Presario which one of the first manufacturers in the mid-1990s to market a sub -$ 1000 PC.

On one hand, Compaq struggled to compete in the PC market with the Dell Computer Corporation, which sold directly to buyers, avoiding the dealer channel and its markup, and built each machine to order to keep inventories and costs at a minimum.

Though the combination of both companies ' PC manufacturing capacity initially made it the number one, it soon lost the lead and further market share to Dell which squeezed HP on low end PCs.

By the mid-1990s, Compaq's price war had enabled it to overtake IBM and Apple, while other IBM PC Compatible manufacturers such as Packard Bell and AST were driven from the market.

The 80286 provided built in memory protection mechanisms which had been almost exclusive to mainframes and minicomputers ( CPUs like the NS320xx and M68000 needed additional components in order to implement MMU functions ) and the large performance enhancements represented by the 80286 and many of its successors would pave the way for the x86 and the IBM PC architecture to extend from low performance personal computers all the way to high-end workstations and servers and even drive the market for other architectures.

Despite their work, Nintendo turned them down, saying they had no interest in expanding to the PC market, and that Mario games were to remain exclusive to Nintendo consoles.

The K6 had a considerable impact on the PC market and presented Intel with serious competition.

Although this market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in this area continue to be influential on the Internet and in both Linux and Apple Mac OS X networking — and the TCP / IP protocol has now almost completely replaced IPX, AppleTalk, NBF, and other protocols used by the early PC LANs.

A PC company can make excess profits in the short term but excess profits attract competitors, which can enter the market freely and decrease prices, eventually reducing excess profits to zero.

Perfectly competitive ( PC ) companies have zero market power when it comes to setting prices.

All companies of a PC market are price takers.

If a PC company attempted to increase prices above the market level all its customers would abandon the company and purchase at the market price from other companies.

The U. S. government's interest in Microsoft had begun in 1991 with an inquiry by the Federal Trade Commission over whether Microsoft was abusing its monopoly on the PC operating system market.

Following the announcement of Kildall's death, Bill Gates commented that he was " one of the original pioneers of the PC revolution " and " a very creative computer scientist who did excellent work.

The findings state that the benzene PC for rat Hb was much higher than human that for Hb ; however, the tests that measured the PCs of the oxygenated and deoxygenated forms of HbA and HbS did not differ, indicating that the affinity of benzene was not affected by the water solubility of Hb.

A recent phenomenon is that of conservative-minded groups in the PC ( USA ) ( such as the Confessing church movement ) remaining in the main body, rather than leaving to form new, break-away groups, as those most theologically conservative usually did ( e. g., the Presbyterian Church in America, the Evangelical Presbyterian Church, the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, and the Bible Presbyterian Church ).

The term did not become widely known and used, however, until the early 1980s, essentially synonymous with the introduction of the IBM PC and numerous related hardware and software products to the consumer market.

The team then created a perfect PC port of Super Mario Bros. 3 in a week and approached Nintendo with their creation, who declined to enter the PC market at that time, but did congratulate the team for their efforts.

It was possible to buy two of these " generic " systems for less than the cost of one IBM-branded PC AT, and many companies did just that.

While NLQ was well received in the IBM PC market, the Apple Macintosh market did not use NLQ mode at all, as it did not rely on the printer's own fonts.

While PC Zone gave the game 91 % and a " Classic " award, praising its inventive level design and engaging plot, most other publications did not have such a glowing view towards it.

The resulting “ von Neumann bottleneck ” led to research into parallel computing, including non-von Neumann or dataflow models that did not use a PC ; for example, rather than specifying sequential steps, the high-level programmer might specify desired function and the low-level programmer might specify this using combinatory logic.

For example, the original IBM PC did not provide graphics or hard drive capability.

We did continue to make PC games – Akai had seen to that – but there wasn't a lot of work tossed our way.

Due to Apple's smaller market share the number of third-party providers was more limited than for the competing IBM PC platform ( though larger than for the Amiga, which had similarly unusual components ), and third-party providers sometimes had to license elements of the interface technology, meaning that Apple made money on every peripheral sold, even if they did not manufacture it.

The IBM PC AT provided the hardware to do this ( for full backward compatibility with software for the original IBM PC and PC / XT models ), and so all subsequent " AT-class " PC clones did as well.

The chips did see use in very low-cost PC clones and in laptops.

A consequence of the universal adoption of detailed PC architecture was that no more than 640 kilobytes of memory were supported ; early machines running MS-DOS and CP / M-86 did not suffer from this restriction, and some could make use of nearly one megabyte of RAM.

A common view within the PC community is that the company failed because it specialized in computers designed specifically for word processing and did not foresee ( and was unable to compete against ) general-purpose personal computers with word processing software in the 1980s.

Otrona had simply did not respond quickly enough to the new market conditions created by the introduction of the IBM PC.

Some PC caucus members refused to accept the merger: long-time Tory MP and former Prime Minister Joe Clark continued to sit as a " Progressive Conservative " for the remainder of the Parliament, as did MPs John Herron and André Bachand, while Scott Brison left the new party to join the Liberal Party in December 2003.

Harper did, however, attend the provincial PC convention in late 2004 as leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.