* 1944 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator ( known best as the Harvard Mark I ).

However, poor marketing and failure to repeat the technological advances of the first systems meant that the Amiga quickly lost its market share to competing platforms, such as the fourth generation game consoles, Apple Macintosh and IBM PC compatibles.

AIX was the first operating system to utilize journaling file systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features like processor, disk and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation ( including fractional processor units ), and reliability engineering ported from its mainframe designs.

AIX PS / 2, first released in 1989, ran on IBM PS / 2 personal computers with Intel 386 and compatible processors.

The first model looked like the later IBM PC ( which came on the market years later ), a rectangular base unit with two floppy drives on the front, and a monitor on top with a separate detachable keyboard.

A few years later, in 1981, IBM introduced the first DOS based IBM PC, and due to the overwhelming popularity of PCs and their clones, DOS soon became the operating system on which the majority of BBS programs were run.

The first commercially sold disk drive, the IBM 350, had 50 ( not 32 or 64 ) physical disk " platters " containing a total of 50, 000 sectors of 100 characters each, for a total quoted capacity of " 5 million characters.

The first ( retroactively ) RISC-labeled processor ( IBM 801-IBMs Watson Research Center, mid-1970s ) was a tightly pipelined simple machine originally intended to be used as an internal microcode kernel, or engine, in CISC designs, but also became the processor that introduced the RISC idea to a somewhat larger public.

The first highly ( or tightly ) pipelined x86 implementations, the 486 designs from Intel, AMD, Cyrix, and IBM, supported every instruction that their predecessors did, but achieved maximum efficiency only on a fairly simple x86 subset that was only a little more than a typical RISC instruction set ( i. e. without typical RISC load-store limitations ).

Compaq produced some of the first IBM PC compatible computers, being the first company to legally reverse-engineer IBM Personal Computer.

Compaq PortableIn November 1982 Compaq announced their first product, the Compaq Portable, a portable IBM PC compatible personal computer.

When Compaq introduced the first PC based on Intel's new 80386 microprocessor, the Compaq Deskpro 386, in 1986, it marked the first CPU change to the PC platform that was not initiated by IBM.

This technical leadership and the rivalry with IBM was emphasized when the Systempro server was launched in late 1989-this was a true server product with standard support for a second CPU and RAID, but also the first product to feature the EISA bus, designed in reaction to IBM's MCA ( MicroChannel Architecture ).

In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom.

Only Larry Ellison's Oracle started from a different chain, based on IBM's papers on System R, and beat IBM to market when the first version was released in 1978.

This model is recognized as the first database model created by IBM in the 1960s.

In 1981 the first IBM PC was introduced, with MS-DOS operating system.

* 1996 – The IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov for the first time.

Other uses of Forth include the Open Firmware boot ROMs used by Apple, IBM, Sun, and OLPC XO-1 ; and the FICL-based first stage boot controller of the FreeBSD operating system.

The first IBM drive, the 350 RAMAC, was approximately the size of two refrigerators and stored 5 million 6-bit characters ( the equivalent of 3. 75 million 8-bit bytes ) on a stack of 50 discs.

Top-down design was promoted in the 1970s by IBM researcher Harlan Mills and Niklaus Wirth.

After graduating from Cochise, he moved to Kentucky where he joined IBM as a technician and was later promoted to engineer.

That got him promoted to manage the BIOS and diagnostics for the IBM PC XT.

As of 2009, the original VisualAge product continues to be promoted by IBM as “ VisualAge Smalltalk ”.

He was promoted to vice president and group executive, and Chief Scientist and served IBM as a member of the board of directors and of the advisory committee to the board.

The film also implies that Deep Blue's heavily promoted victory was a ploy by IBM to boost its market value.

The term byte was coined by Dr. Werner Buchholz in July 1956, during the early design phase for the IBM Stretch computer.

* 1988 — Barry Devlin and Paul Murphy publish the article An architecture for a business and information system in IBM Systems Journal where they introduce the term " business data warehouse ".

The term was brought to prominence as a teaching mantra by George Fuechsel, an IBM 305 RAMAC technician / instructor in New York.

Donald Knuth notes that Hans Peter Luhn of IBM appears to have been the first to use the concept, in a memo dated January 1953, and that Robert Morris used the term in a survey paper in CACM which elevated the term from technical jargon to formal terminology.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the term mainframe computer was almost synonymous with IBM products due to their marketshare.

However, because of the success of the IBM Personal Computer, the term PC came to mean more specifically a microcomputer compatible with IBM's PC products.

The term is typically used to describe a family of fairly well known tricks that can overload the analog electronics in the CRT monitors of computers lacking hardware sanity checking ( notable examples being the IBM Portable and Commodore PET.

IBM and users almost unanimously called the new system MVS from the start, and IBM continued to use the term MVS in the naming of later major versions such as MVS / XA.

Some hardware vendors, especially IBM, use the term as a synonym for firmware, so that all code in a device, whether microcode or machine code, is termed microcode ( such as in a hard drive for instance, which typically contains both ).

The term did not become widely known and used, however, until the early 1980s, essentially synonymous with the introduction of the IBM PC and numerous related hardware and software products to the consumer market.

In 1982, Andrew Fluegelman created a program for the IBM PC called PC-Talk, a telecommunications program, he used the term freeware.

The term word processing was invented by IBM in the late 1960s.

The term " Wake on LAN " is a trademark of IBM Corporation.

The term is not synonymous with IBM PC compatibility as this implies a multitude of other computer hardware ; embedded systems as well as general-purpose computers used x86 chips before the PC-compatible market started, some of them before the IBM PC itself.

This term was coined by IBM for the design of the System / 360 ( ca, 1965 ) and continues to be used in those environments today.

However, following its release, the IBM PC itself was widely imitated, as well as the term.

After the 1981 release by IBM of its IBM PC, the term personal computer became generally used for microcomputers compatible with the IBM PC architecture ( PC compatible ).

The term " IBM PC compatible " is now a historical description only, since IBM has ended its personal computer sales.