The Kirkuk oil field was brought into use by the Iraq Petroleum Company ( IPC ) in 1934.

In addition, al-Bakr and Saddam had taken steps to make the anticipated loss less severe on the people and the economy ; Saddam visited Moscow, and negotiated a treaty whereby the Soviet Union would buy some of Iraq's oil, and second, the government did not nationalise to IPC subsidiaries and gave French members " special treatment ".

After the nationalisation of the IPC, Iraq's oil revenue increased from, in 219 million ID in 1972 1. 7 billion ID in 1974, to 3. 7 billion ID in 1978 to 8. 9 billion ID in 1980.

In May 1933, IPC instructed Longrigg to withdraw from Jeddah, leaving SoCal free to conclude negotiations with the Saudi Arabia for a 60-year contract to obtain the exclusive concession for exploration and extraction of oil in the al-Hasa region along the Persian Gulf.

In 1928, the Bayside Land Corporation, a joint venture of the Palestine Economic Corporation and the Jewish National Fund, acquired 2, 400 dunams of residential land in a deal related to the building of the IPC oil pipeline.

Twelve years later, however, when geologists began intensively searching for oil in neighbouring Saudi Arabia, Oman's Sultan Said bin Taimur granted a 75-year concession to the Iraq Petroleum Company ( IPC ).

Having landed at Duqm in February 1954, IPC geologists were faced with tribal conflicts which made access to the most promising oil prospect, Jebel Fahud, difficult.

The Iraq Petroleum Company ( IPC ), prior to 1929 named the Turkish Petroleum Company ( TPC ); is an oil company headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

Calouste GulbenkianThe forerunner of the Iraq Petroleum Company ( IPC ) was the Turkish Petroleum Company, which grew out of the growing belief, in the late 19th century, that the lands of the Ottoman Empire contained substantial reservoirs of oil.

The writer Stephen Hemsley Longrigg, a former IPC employee, noted that " the Red Line Agreement, variously assessed as a sad case of wrongful cartelization or as an enlightened example of international co ‑ operation and fair-sharing, was to hold the field for twenty years and in large measure determined the pattern and tempo of oil development over a large part of the Middle East ".

During the period, IPC monopolized oil exploration inside the Red Line ; excluding Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, where ARAMCO ( formed in 1944 by renaming of the Saudi subsidiary of Standard Oil of California ( Socal )) and Bahrain Petroleum Company ( BAPCO ) respectively held controlling position.

The owners of IPC had conflicting interests: the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Royal Dutch / Shell and Standard Oil had access to major sources of crude oil outside Iraq, and therefore wanted to hold the Iraqi concessions in reserve, whilst CFP and the other companies pushed for rapid development of Iraqi oil as they had limited crude oil supplies.

In return, the Iraqi government demanded, and received, additional payments and loans, as well as the promise that IPC would complete two oil pipelines to the Mediterranean by 1935-something CFP had demanded for a long time, in order to get its share of the oil quickly to France.

Only in 1938, nine years after the discovery, did IPC begin to export oil in significant quantities.

After lengthy negotiations the groups arrived at a compromise settlement in November 1934, which stipulated that D ' Arcy Exploration ( Anglo-Iranian ) would be entitled to a 7. 5-percent royalty on such oil as was produced from the covered by the revised Iraq concession, the oil to be delivered free of cost at the field, with IPC paying the royalty due the Iraq Government.

* Demise of the Red Line Agreement: two of the American oil companies in IPC were offered a partnership with ARAMCO to develop the oil resources of Saudi Arabia.

In 1933, IPC joined negotiations for an oil concession in Al-Hasa province, Saudi Arabia, bidding against Standard Oil of California ( SOCAL, later renamed Chevron ).

Thereafter, IPC concentrated its efforts in Arabia in developing its Qatar oil concession ( oil discovered 1939 ), Abu Dhabi ( oil discovered in 1959 ), Oman ( see Petroleum Development Oman ) and the Aden Protectorates ( in today's Yemen ).

Both simple pipelining and superscalar design increase a CPU's ILP by allowing a single processor to complete execution of instructions at rates surpassing one instruction per cycle ( IPC ).

While many systems, including most Unixes, had added various IPC implementations over the years, at the time these were generally special-purpose libraries only really useful for one-off tasks.

The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the modern Summer Olympics, and other leading international meetings include the IAAF World Championships and World Indoor Championships, and athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the IPC Athletics World Championships.

The marathon is also the only road running event featured at the IPC Athletics World Championships and the Summer Paralympics.

It is governed by IPC Athletics, and is one of the sports at the Summer Paralympic Games since 1960.

Elite athletes with a physical disability compete at the IPC Athletics World Championships and at the Commonwealth Games.

O ' Neill began working for the publishing company IPC at the age of 16 as an office boy for Buster, which was a children's humour title.

Tired of working on children's humour titles, he heard that a new science fiction title was being put together at IPC and went to see Pat Mills and asked to be transferred to the new comic which was to be called 2000 AD.

The press and publishing industry is also well represented in Southwark ; the Financial Times has its head office in Southwark Bridge Road, Express Group Newspapers are based in Blackfriars Road, IPC Magazines in Southwark Street, and the Evening Standard and Daily Mail at Surrey Quays.

However, relations sooned soured ; the IPC cut its own production at the Kirkuk Field by half.

Although there is no specific law against sexual harassment at workplace in India but many provisions in other legislations protect against sexual harassment at workplace, such as Section 354, IPC deals with " assault or criminal force to a woman with the intent to outrage her modesty, and Section 509, IPC deals with " word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.

Under Section 509 of the IPC, obscene gestures, indecent body language and acidic comments directed at any woman or girl or exhibits any such object or intrudes upon the privacy of woman carries a penalty of simple imprisonment for one year or a fine or both.

After Fleetway ceased publishing the Sexton Blake Library series at the end of its fourth volume in 1963, Blake editor William Howard Baker licensed the character from IPC and published a fifth volume independently, via Mayflower-Dell Books, that ran until 1968.

Helping behind-the-scenes was Steve Moore, a kindred-spirit whom Rickard met at a comics convention when the latter was a sub-editor at IPC.

* a method of inter-process communication ( IPC ), i. e. a way of exchanging data between programs running at the same time.

In 1963 the Natih field was discovered, followed closely by success at Fahud, only a few hundred metres from the original IPC well.

Harry Twenty, for example, was an escape story set on a maximum-security prison orbiting the earth, and had clear echoes of The Prisoner TV series, starring Patrick McGoohan ( according to Finley-Day, he used to joke with his fellow creators that if McGoohan appeared at the reception of the IPC building, he was not to be let upstairs ).

He was criticized at a seminar in New Delhi held in October 2010 for his views, because of which he could potentially face sedition charges under section 124 ( A ) of the Indian Penal Code ( IPC ).

Country Life is a British weekly magazine, based in London at 110 Southwark Street, and owned by IPC Media, a Time Warner subsidiary.

The performance or speed of a processor depends on the clock rate ( generally given in multiples of hertz ) and the instructions per clock ( IPC ), which together are the factors for the instructions per second ( IPS ) that the CPU can perform.

Inter-process communication ( IPC ) is any mechanism which allows separate processes to communicate with each other, usually by sending messages.

Shared memory is strictly speaking also an inter-process communication mechanism, but the abbreviation IPC usually only refers to message passing, and it is the latter that is particularly relevant to microkernels.

IPC allows the operating system to be built from a number of small programs called servers, which are used by other programs on the system, invoked via IPC.

IPC can be synchronous or asynchronous.

Asynchronous IPC is analogous to network communication: the sender dispatches a message and continues executing.

In synchronous IPC, the first party ( sender or receiver ) blocks until the other party is ready to perform the IPC.

First-generation microkernels typically supported synchronous as well as asynchronous IPC, and suffered from poor IPC performance.

Jochen Liedtke identified the design and implementation of the IPC mechanisms as the underlying reason for this poor performance.

In his L4 microkernel he pioneered methods that lowered IPC costs by an order of magnitude.

These include an IPC system call that supports a send as well as a receive operation, making all IPC synchronous, and passing as much data as possible in registers.

Furthermore, Liedtke introduced the concept of the direct process switch, where during an IPC execution an ( incomplete ) context switch is performed from the sender directly to the receiver.

Furthermore, the overhead of invoking the scheduler is avoided ; this is especially beneficial in the common case where IPC is used in an RPC-type fashion by a client invoking a server.

Another optimization, called lazy scheduling, avoids traversing scheduling queues during IPC by leaving threads that block during IPC in the ready queue.

As it also lends itself to more efficient implementation, modern microkernels generally follow L4's lead and only provide a synchronous IPC primitive.

Asynchronous IPC can be implemented on top by using helper threads.

As synchronous IPC blocks the first party until the other is ready, unrestricted use could easily lead to deadlocks.

Therefore synchronous IPC must provide a means to prevent indefinite blocking.

Many microkernels provide timeouts on IPC calls, which limit the blocking time.

As a consequence, the trend is towards not providing arbitrary timeouts, but only a flag which indicates that the IPC should fail immediately if the partner is not ready.