The English term has cognates in the other Germanic languages: Old Saxon heƀan " sky, heaven ", Middle Low German heven " sky ", Old Icelandic himinn " sky, heaven ", Gothic himins ; and those with a variant final-l: Old Frisian himel, himul " sky, heaven ", Old Saxon / Old High German himil, Dutch hemel, and modern German Himmel.

The origin of the word has various parallels, such as Icelandic kippa which means " to pull, snatch " and the German word kippen which means " to tilt, to incline ".

Under this system, Norwegian is grouped together with the neighbouring languages Danish and Swedish, because the last millennium has seen all three undergo important changes, especially in grammar and lexis, which have set them apart from Faroese and Icelandic.

Today Old Norse has developed into the modern North Germanic languages ( Icelandic, Faroese, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish ), and although distinct languages there is still considerable mutual intelligibility.

Among these, Icelandic and the closely related Faroese have changed the least from Old Norse in the last thousand years, although with Danish rule of the Faroe Islands, Faroese has also been influenced by Danish.

Icelandic therefore has two separate phonemes and.

It has most recently been suggested that the name derives ultimately from Old Norse, and comes from the word * rok ( as in Icelandic rok ), meaning ' foaming sea ', and kollR, meaning ' bald head ', a word which appears in other local names in Scandinavian-speaking areas.

Trip hop has influenced artists outside the genre, including Gorillaz, Emancipator, Nine Inch Nails, Radiohead, Travis, How to Destroy Angels, Beth Orton, The Flaming Lips, Bitter: Sweet, Beck, Deftones as well as Icelandic singer Björk, who utilized the genre throughout her 1995 album Post.

Remembered as an aggressive missionary ruler in the medieval Icelandic sagas, in which the extent of his authority has almost certainly been grossly exaggerated.

The word has several cognates in modern Germanic languages, such as German Scheiße, Dutch schijt, Swedish skit, Icelandic skítur, Norwegian skitt etc.

Since November 2009 the Icelandic bank Nýja Kaupþing (" New Kaupthing ") since being taken over by the Icelandic state has been rebranded as Arion banki.

* Greenland is colonized by Icelandic Viking Erik the Red ( the date is according to legend but has been established as at least approximately correct – see History of Greenland ).

In Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic the Old Norse form has survived to this day ( in Icelandic only as a less used synonym to gluggi ), in Swedish the word vindöga remains as a term for a hole through the roof of a hut, and in the Danish language ‘ vindue ’ and Norwegian Bokmål ‘ vindu ’, the direct link to ‘ eye ’ is lost, just like for ' window '.

The name Greenland ( Grænland in Old Norse and modern Icelandic, Grønland in modern Danish and Norwegian ) has its roots in this colonization and is attributed to Erik the Red ( the modern Inuit call it Kalaallit Nunaat, meaning " Land of the Kalaallit ( Greenlanders )").

It has cognates in other Germanic languages — for example tonge in West Frisian, tong in Dutch / Afrikaans, tunge in Danish / Norwegian and tunga in Icelandic / Faroese / Swedish.

It has audio tracks in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish and subtitles in English, Spanish, German, French, Italian, Hindi, Portuguese, Turkish, Danish, Icelandic, Bulgarian, Swedish, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch, Arabic, Finnish, Czech and Greek.

Of the North Germanic languages, the Icelandic language is closest to the Old Norse language and has remained relatively unchanged since the 12th century.

Additionally Norway has agreed to grant Icelandic citizens the same eligibility as Norwegian citizens for military education in Norway and to serve as professional soldiers in the Norwegian Defence forces.

Icelandic hostility towards Gunnhildr has been cited as being a possible source for her dissociation from the Danish royal house.

It has more recently been suggested that this may be attributed to the large amount of fish traditionally eaten by Icelandic people, in 2007 about 90 kilograms per person per year as opposed to about 24 kg in the US and Canada, rather than to genetic predisposition ; a similar anomaly is noted in Japan, where annual fish consumption in recent years averages about 60 kg per capita.

In modern Icelandic jötunn has kept its original meaning.

Völuspá ( Old Norse Vǫluspá, Prophecy of the Völva ( Seeress ); Modern Icelandic, reconstructed Old Norse ) is the first and best known poem of the Poetic Edda.

As a work of literature, Egils saga is generally considered to be amongst the best of the Icelandic sagas, along with Njáls saga and Laxdæla saga.

This is the Icelandic open in Glima and has always drawn the best wrestlers of each era.

* Háttatal In Icelandic, but probably the best modern introduction to the metrics of Rímur.

Handball is often referred to as a national sport, Iceland's team is one of the top ranked teams in the world, and Icelandic women are surprisingly good at soccer compared to the size of the country, the national team ranked the 18th best by FIFA.

Davíð Stefánsson ( 21 January 1895 – 1 March 1964 ) from Fagriskógur was a famous Icelandic poet and novelist, best known as a poet of humanity.

His achievements in powerlifting also include Icelandic records in the bench press and the squat, but his best performances were usually in the deadlift event, in which he set the European record many times and multiple world records in strongman competition deadlift variations, such as the rectangular handled wheel and one handed deadlift.

Not all Icelandic horses can perform this gait ; animals that perform both the tölt and the flying pace in addition to the traditional gaits are considered the best of the breed.

The adventurous Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss is the best known of the Icelandic Sagas that take place in this area.

The album was produced by Ken Thomas, who is best known for his work with Icelandic band Sigur Rós.

His best known movies are The Icelandic Dream and A Man like Me.

He is best known for his role in the radio duo Tvíhöfði with Jón Gnarr and for his part in the popular Icelandic television sketch comedy Fóstbræður.

Ólafur was loaned back to Fylkir over a part of the 2003 season, and was voted the best young player in the Icelandic league 2003.

He is best known for his works on Icelandic sagas, laying emphasis on their literary nature and working on several stylistic and syntactic problems.

Selma Björnsdóttir, also known as simply Selma, is an Icelandic singer born on 13 June 1974 in Reykjavík, best known internationally for representing her country in the Eurovision Song Contest.

Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson ( 28 June 1847 – 23 February 1927 ), was an Icelandic composer best known for composing Lofsöngur, the National Anthem of Iceland.

Guðni Bergsson ( born 21 July 1965 in Reykjavík ), is a former Icelandic football player who is best known for his time spent with Bolton Wanderers.

He spent the seven years 1866 – 1873 on the Oxford Icelandic-English Dictionary, the best guide to classic Icelandic, and a monumental example of single-handed work.

Stefán Karl Stefánsson ( born July 10, 1975 in Hafnarfjörður, Iceland ) is an Icelandic film and stage actor who is best known for playing the character Robbie Rotten on the television show LazyTown After studying at the Iceland Academy of the Arts, he was invited to join the National Theatre of Iceland.

The original pronunciation is preserved in the names for the city in other languages such as Old English Difelin, Old Norse Dyflin, modern Icelandic Dyflinn and modern Manx Divlyn.

Many of these sagas were written in Iceland, and most of them, even if they had no Icelandic provenance, were preserved there after the Middle Ages due to the Icelanders ' continued interest in Norse literature and law codes.

The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems primarily preserved in the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript Codex Regius.

Some of the resources available at the university are uniquely Icelandic ; these include the manuscripts preserved in the Árni Magnússon Institute, Icelandic census records dating from 1703, exceptionally complete genealogical data, and climatological, glaciological, seismic and geothermal records.

Icelandic Nationalism or Þjóðernishyggja or Föðurlandsást is based upon the idea of resurrection of the Icelandic Free State, and its values ( or what was believed to be its values ): democracy, freedom of the individual, the need for the country to be independent, and respect for the cultural and religious traditions, specially the long preserved language.

Here also are preserved the only Icelandic versions of the Orkneyinga saga (" History of the Orkney Islanders ") and Færeyinga saga (" History of the Faroe Islanders ").

) The Flatey Book and the Codex Regius were repatriated to Iceland in 1971 as Icelandic national treasures and are preserved and studied by the Árni Magnússon Institute.

Cōdex Rēgius ( which is Latin for " Royal Book ", in Icelandic Konungsbók ) ( GKS 2365 4to ) is an Icelandic manuscript ( See also Codex ) in which the Poetic Edda is preserved.

The banner under which King Eric's troops fought, was preserved by his kinsman the lawspeaker Eskil Magnusson of the Bjelbo family in Skara, who in 1219 gave it as honorary to his visiting Icelandic colleague Snorre Sturlasson.

Three different poems have been preserved: the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem, the Norwegian Rune Poem, and the Icelandic Rune Poem.

Versions of the royal descent are preserved in various works by Icelandic skalds and historians, some based on now lost works: Þjóðólfr of Hvinir's Ynglingatal, in Nóregs konungatal ( which preserves information from a lost work by Sæmundr fróði ), and at greatest length in Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla ( which preserves information from a now lost version of Ari Þorgilsson's Íslendingabók ).

In some cases this gave alternations between two related forms, one with s-mobile and the other without, such as English steer, Icelandic stjór, Dutch stier (← * steuraz ← PIE * steuros with preserved ) vs. Limburgish deur, duur, Old Norse þjórr (← * þeuraz ← PIE * tauros with regularly shifted ).