If the depletion layer is large enough to catch the whole shower or to stop a heavy particle, a fairly accurate measurement of the particle ’ s energy can be made, simply by measuring the charge conducted and without the complexity of a magnetic spectrometer, etc.

If the number of counts is not very large, it is more accurate to measure the time interval for a predetermined number of occurrences, rather than the number of occurrences within a specified time.

If we study the Four Noble Truths with the help of these references and explanations, we get a fairly good and accurate account of the essential teachings of the Buddha according to the original texts.

If these memories are accurate, then perhaps in 1975 a subtle flaw was introduced into an otherwise commonplace word puzzle.

If an investor redeems when certain assets cannot be valued or sold, the fund cannot be confident that the calculation of his redemption proceeds would be accurate.

If Prout's hypothesis had proven accurate, then the abstract concept of mass, as we now know it, might never have evolved, since mass could always be defined in terms of amounts of the hydrogen atomic mass.

If the August 14th, 2008 EDN article was accurate about MIPS having over 500 employees at the time, then MIPS reduced their total workforce by 70 % between 2008 and 2010.

If the heavier body is much more massive than the smaller, as for a satellite or small moon orbiting a planet or for the Earth orbiting the Sun, it is accurate and convenient to describe the motion in a coordinate system that is centered on the heavier body, and we say that the lighter body is in orbit around the heavier.

If things work out right, his clock will be more accurate.

If the rules and logic of deduction are followed, this procedure ensures an accurate conclusion.

If these dates are accurate, then it is unlikely that the earlier entries in the chronicle, starting with his arrival in Britain with his father Cerdic in 495, are correct.

If a more accurate value of the molar mass is required, it is necessary to determine the isotopic distribution of the sample in question, which may be different from the standard distribution used to calculate the standard atomic weight.

If this account is accurate, it may suggest that the Guanches were not the only inhabitants, or the first ones ; or that the expedition simply did not explore the islands thoroughly.

If accurate, this would count numbers stations among the earliest radio broadcasts.

If General Greene's estimate of the total American loss was accurate, then they had between 1, 160 and 1, 260 killed, wounded or deserted during the battle.

If the timing was accurate, the splice was invisible.

If accurate, this would make M. coloradensis one of the largest felids.

If a theory does not require modification despite repeated tests, this implies that the theory is very accurate.

If the time difference gets large, then fuller and more accurate corrections must be applied.

Generally speaking parametric methods make more assumptions than non-parametric methods .< ref name =" Corder and Foreman "> Corder and Foreman, < cite > Nonparametric Statistics for Non-Statisticians: A Step-by-Step Approach </ cite >, John Wiley & Sons ( 2009 ), ISBN 978-0-470-45461-9 </ ref > If those extra assumptions are correct, parametric methods can produce more accurate and precise estimates.

If this linguistic theory is accurate, Marinduque's Tagalog has contributed significantly to the development of the official Philippine national language.

If this reflects the god that El refers to in the biblical text concerning Balaam, and the connection between Balaam and Baal Peor is accurate, then Baal Peor can be identified as Shamash.

If a theory featuring renormalization ( e. g. QED ) can only be sensibly interpreted as an effective field theory, i. e. as an approximation reflecting human ignorance about the workings of nature, then the problem remains of discovering a more accurate theory that does not have these renormalization problems.

If Thomson's Plum Pudding model was to be accurate, the big alpha particles should have passed through the gold foil with only a few minor deflections.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

If the estimate of were not significantly different from 0, we would fail to find evidence that changes in the growth rate and unemployment rate were related.

If the pressure from particles within the magnetosphere is neglected, it is possible to estimate the distance to the part of the magnetosphere that faces the Sun.

If this link is proven causal, researchers estimate that NSAIDs would be responsible for up to 20 percent of hospital admissions for congestive heart failure.

If they both used the Attic stadion of about 185 meters, then the older estimate is 1 / 6 too large, and Ptolemy's value is 1 / 6 too small, a difference explained as due to ancient scientists ' use of simple methods of measuring the earth, which were corrupted either high or low by a factor of 5 / 6, due to air's bending of horizontal light rays by 1 / 6 of the Earth's curvature.

If it is assumed that the calculation occurs near room temperature (~ 300 K ) the Von Neumann-Landauer Limit can be applied to estimate the energy required as ~ 10 < sup > 18 </ sup > joules, which is equivalent to consuming 30 gigawatts of power for one year.

If analytical expressions are impossible to obtain either the partial derivatives must be calculated by numerical approximation or an estimate must be made of the Jacobian.

understood, it is not known precisely how long it will take white dwarfs to cool to blackness .< sup >, § IIIE, IVA .</ sup > Barrow and Tipler estimate that it would take 10 < sup > 15 </ sup > years for a white dwarf to cool to 5 K ; however, if weakly interacting massive particles exist, it is possible that interactions with these particles will keep some white dwarfs much warmer than this for approximately 10 < sup > 25 </ sup > years .< sup >, § IIIE .</ sup > If protons are not stable, white dwarfs will also be kept warm by energy released from proton decay.

If a given class and feature value never occur together in the training set then the frequency-based probability estimate will be zero.

If each command object has a < tt > getEstimatedDuration ()</ tt > method, the program can easily estimate the total duration.

If the signal being analyzed can be considered a stationary process, the STFT is a good smoothed estimate of its power spectral density.

If the quality of cars is not observable by the buyers, then it seems reasonable for them to estimate the quality of a car offered to market using the average quality of all cars.

If the risk estimate takes into account information on the number of individuals exposed, it is termed a " population risk " and is in units of expected increased cases per a time period.

If the risk estimate does not take into account the number of individuals exposed, it is termed an " individual risk " and is in units of incidence rate per a time period.

If one took a uniform prior, then the maximum likelihood estimate for the population probability is the observed probability, and one may compute a credible region around this or another estimate.

If the upper limit of the falls is accepted as described above, the expedition photographs may be used to estimate the height of the falls.

If we additionally assume that the image plane is perpendicular to the ground plane ( an imaginary plane Tangential to the surface of the Earth ), and that the waterfall flows on a plane that is parallel to the image plane, we can estimate the height by measuring the vertical separation of waterfall head and base in

If we assume that a noisy signal or image is noiseless when we try to make a statistical estimate of g, our estimate will be incorrect.

If there are n data points to estimate parameters of both models from, then one can calculate the F statistic ( coefficient of determination ), given by

If T is a statistic that is approximately normally distributed under the null hypothesis, the next step in performing a Z-test is to estimate the expected value θ of T under the null hypothesis, and then obtain an estimate s of the standard deviation of T. We then calculate the standard score Z = ( T − θ ) / s, from which one-tailed and two-tailed p-values can be calculated as Φ (−| Z |) and 2Φ (−| Z |), respectively, where Φ is the standard normal cumulative distribution function.