If they are used, the walls and roof should be 10 inches thick to give the same protection as the 8-inch solid concrete blocks.

If a solid surface is chilled below the dew point of the surrounding air and the surface itself is colder than freezing, frost will form on the surface.

If the entire volume of the observable universe ( taken to be 3 × 10 < sup > 80 </ sup > m < sup > 3 </ sup >) were packed solid with fine dust particles about 1. 5 micrometres in size, then the number of different ways of ordering these particles ( that is, assigning the number 1 to one particle, then the number 2 to another particle, and so on until all particles are numbered ) would be approximately one googolplex.

If the cooling is sufficiently rapid ( relative to the characteristic crystallization time ) then crystallization is prevented and instead the disordered atomic configuration of the supercooled liquid is frozen into the solid state at T < sub > g </ sub >.

If an isomorphism can be found from a relatively unknown part of mathematics into some well studied division of mathematics, where many theorems are already proved, and many methods are already available to find answers, then the function can be used to map whole problems out of unfamiliar territory over to " solid ground " where the problem is easier to understand and work with.

If every person now alive played one keno game every single second of their lives, there would be about one solid 20 jackpot-winning ticket to date.

If the latter subgroup cools slowly from a melt, it forms exsolution lamellae because the two components — orthoclase and albite — are unstable in solid solution.

If the structures of the two metals are the same, there can even be complete solid solubility, as in the case of electrum, the alloys of silver and gold.

If the energy transfer is more efficient to one of the target components, and / or it is less strongly bound to the solid, it will sputter more efficiently than the other.

If in an AB alloy the component A is sputtered preferentially, the surface of the solid will, during prolonged bombardment, become enriched in the B component thereby increasing the probability that B is sputtered such that the composition of the sputtered material will be AB.

If the solvent is a solid, then gases, liquids, and solids can be dissolved.

If the fingers are already flexed, then a solid bullet shows that they squeeze.

) If the vapor is in contact with a liquid or solid phase, the two phases will be in a state of equilibrium.

If a planet is sufficiently massive, the water on it may be solid even at high temperatures, because of the high pressure caused by gravity, as it was observed on exoplanets Gliese 436 b and GJ 1214 b.

If the domains are also aligned, the solid is a permanent magnet, which is magnetic even in the absence of an external magnetic field.

If the ions are not mobile, as in a solid salt then electrolysis cannot occur.

If, as observed in most cases, a substance is more dense in the solid than in the liquid state, the melting point will increase with increases in pressure.

If several spatially distributed charges generate such an electric potential, e. g. in a solid, an electric field gradient may also be defined.

It occurs because of inter-molecular attractive forces between the liquid and solid surrounding surfaces ; If the diameter of the tube is sufficiently small, then the combination of surface tension and forces of adhesion between the liquid and container act to lift the liquid.

If this route, virtually the only solid ground on which heavy cavalry could be effectively deployed, were to be denied to the English, they would have no choice but to wheel right to the north-east, on to the Carse.

If the husk is solid black, the seeds are called black oil sunflower seeds.

If the dying person cannot take solid food, the Eucharist may be administered in the " species " of wine alone, since the bread and wine are the Body, Blood, Soul and Divinity of Christ.

If the area is further reduced once the solid phase has been reached, collapse occurs, the monolayer breaks and soluble aggregates and multilayers are formed

If many of the characters in contemporary novels appear to be the bloodless relations of characters in a case history it is because the novelist is often forgetful today that those things that we call character manifest themselves in surface behavior, that the ego is still the executive agency of personality, and that all we know of personality must be discerned through the ego.

If you drive greater distances than that, you'll just be skimming the surface and will never discover the enchantment, fascination and beauty which lured you in the first place to explore the hinterlands.

If, however, a layer of paper remains stuck to the surface, the adhesive has not failed.

If there is refraction at a collective spherical surface, or through a thin positive lens, O ' 2 will lie in front of O ' 1 so long as the angle u2 is greater than u1 ( under correction ); and conversely with a dispersive surface or lenses ( over correction ).

If the above errors be eliminated, the two astigmatic surfaces united, and a sharp image obtained with a wide aperture — there remains the necessity to correct the curvature of the image surface, especially when the image is to be received upon a plane surface, e. g. in photography.

If rotation is arrested, the energy stored in fashioning the concave surface must be dissipated, for example through friction, before an equilibrium flat surface is restored.

If a player is unsure of whether a bet is a single or multi-roll bet, it can be noted that all single-roll bets will be displayed on the playing surface in one color ( usually red ), while all multi-roll bets will be displayed in a different color ( usually yellow ).

If the ball has a rough surface, the fluid flowing past it will make it rotate.

where Q is the electric charge transferred through the surface over a time t. If Q and t are measured in coulombs and seconds respectively, I is in amperes.

If the missile starts to roll, the gyroscopic force of the disk drives the control surface into the airflow, cancelling the motion.

If a particle of the beam crosses this surface, there will be some kind of interaction.

If an organism ( such as bacteria ) attaches to a valve surface and forms a vegetation, the host immune response is blunted.

If we choose the shape of the control volume such that all flow in or out occurs perpendicular to its surface, then the flow of matter into the system performs work as if it were a piston of fluid pushing mass into the system, and the system performs work on the flow of matter out as if it were driving a piston of fluid.

If a previous fresco was being painted over, the surface would be roughened to give a key.

If the imaging surface is cleaned of contaminants and residual moisture before the second image is taken, then no image of the missing section would appear.

* If creatures similar to plesiosaurs lived in the waters of the Loch Ness, they would be seen very frequently as they would have to surface several times a day to breathe.

If the fluid being measured is significantly dense, hydrostatic corrections may have to be made for the height between the moving surface of the manometer working fluid and the location where the pressure measurement is desired except when measuring differential pressure of a fluid ( for example across an orifice plate or venturi ), in which case the density ρ should be corrected by subtracting the density of the fluid being measured.

If the universe is static and populated by an infinite number of stars, any sight line from Earth must end at the ( very bright ) surface of a star, so the night sky should be completely bright.