* van Fraassen, Bas C. ( 1980 ), The Scientific Image, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Image: Langres_-_cathédrale_Saint-Mammès_-_12. jpg | Bas relief at Saint-Mammès Cathedral

Image: Relief_on_building_in_Bishopsgate, _London_1. JPG | Bas relief on the former National Provincial Bank

Image: Bas relief nagsh-e-rostam al. jpg | Rock-face relief at Naqsh-e Rustam of Iranian emperor Shapur I ( on horseback ) capturing Roman emperor Valerian ( kneeing ) and Philip the Arab ( standing )

Bas van Fraassen is nearly solely responsible for the initial development of constructive empiricism ; its historically most important presentation appears in his The Scientific Image ( 1980 ).

In his essay " The Anti-Realist Epistemology of Bas van Fraassen's The Scientific Image ", Paul M. Churchland, one of van Fraassen's critics, contrasted van Fraassen's idea of unobservable phenomena with the idea of merely unobserved phenomena.

Image: Temple of Edfu 05. jpg | Horus relief in the Temple of Edfu

Image: WLA brooklynmuseum Relief of Nefertiti Kissing one of her daughters. jpg | Limestone relief of Nefertiti kissing one of her daughters, Brooklyn Museum.

Image: Pompeiian phallus, c. 1-50 AD. JPG | Phallus relief from Pompeii, c. 1-50 AD

Image: QueenKiya-PurificationCeremony_MetropolitanMuseum. png | An Amarna relief depicting a woman undergoing a purification ritual, while the figure has been partially re-carved, the large earrings and style of wig are thought to be representative of Queen Kiya-on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Image: Relief-side view. jpg | Side view of high relief: Madonna and Child, marble of c. 1500 / 1510 by an unknown north Italian sculptor

Image: St GuadensShaw Mem. jpg | Robert Gould Shaw Memorial, 1897, Boston, combining free-standing elements with high and low relief.

Image: Iowa City Press Citizen Bldg. jpg | Art Deco tiled bas relief, old Press-Citizen Building, Iowa City, Iowa.

Image: WV plateau. jpg | Shaded relief map of Cumberland Plateau and Ridge and Valley Appalachians on the Virginia / West Virginia border

Image: Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-277-0835-02, Russland, Infanterie auf Panzer IV. jpg | Panzer IV's of the relief force laden with accompanying infantry move out ( description abbreviated from near identical image in Nash, p. 159 )

Image: Infantry near Bastogne. png | Infantry of relief force near Bastogne, December 1944.

Image: Mudbath1. jpg | Hwange elephant seeking relief from the afternoon heat

Image: Pakistan earthquake satellite. jpg | Heavy snowfall in the region around the epicentre, shown here in a January 6, 2006 NASA satellite image, hampered the relief efforts which began shortly after the earthquake struck.

Image: Waw-soviet-military-cemetery-relief. jpg | A relief from the Soviet military cemetery in Warsaw showing workers greeting victorious soldiers.

Image: Sarab-e Qandil. jpg | Rock relief of Sasanian king Bahram II at Sarab-e Qandil ( AKA Tang-e Qandil ), vicinity of Bishapur

Image: Korea_south_silla_stone_buddha. jpg | Buddha relief carved into stone on Namsan near Gyeongju

Image: Hay pers. jpg | A relief of Armenian tribute bearer carrying a metal vessel with Homa ( griffin ) handles.

Image: Statue at Bharhut Stupa. JPG | The Yaksha relief at Bharhut is being worshipped as Hanuman by local villagers

Image: Park Güell-Pabellón de entrada. jpg | Pavilion at the entrance

Image: Escalinata de entrada del Park Güell. jpg | Third fountain at the entrance with the dragon

Image: Alabama River at Benton Park. JPG | The Alabama River in Lowndes County as seen from Benton Park in Benton, Alabama.

Image: Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-img 2713. jpg | Papyrus, written in demotic script in the 35th year of Amasis II, on display at the Louvre

Image: Louvre 122006 008. jpg | A stele dating to the 23rd regnal year of Amasis, on display at the Louvre

Image: AcropolisatathensSitePlan. png | right | 600px | alt = Site plan of the Acropolis at Athens

The Apple II computer on display at the Museum of the Moving Image ( New York City ) | Museum of the Moving Image in New York City

Image showing shock waves from NASA's X-43A hypersonic research vehicle in flight at Mach 7, generated using a computational fluid dynamics algorithm. On September 30, 1935 an exclusive conference was held in Rome with the topic of high velocity flight and the possibility of breaking the sound barrier.

Image: Hannover binnenschiff voll 01. jpg | Self-propelled barge Andromeda in canal at Hanover, Germany

Image: Donna York. jpg | The towboat, Donna York, pushing barges of coal up the Ohio river at Louisville, Kentucky, United States

Image: Berthe Morisot The Harbor at Lorient. jpg | The Harbor at Lorient, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC 1869

Image: Morisot Lady at her Toilette. jpg | Lady at her Toilette, The Art Institute of Chicago 1875

Image of Bayezit I, who defeated the Crusaders at Battle of Nicopolis | Nicoplis.

Image: Camp David 4 p37126-25a-515h. jpg | George W. Bush meets with his advisors at Camp David on January 17, 2004, while preparing for his State of the Union address.

Image: Georgebushjuly2007campdavid. jpg | President George W. Bush and Chief of Staff Josh Bolten walk together with the President's dog Barney at Camp David, July 21, 2007.

Image: Shinzo Abe & George W Bush, 2007Apr27. jpg | Shinzo Abe and George W. Bush at Camp David in 2007.

Image: Begin, Carter and Sadat at Camp David 1978. jpg | Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter, and Anwar Sadat at Camp David, September 7, 1978.

Image: Menahem_Begin_poses_at_Camp_David_1978. jpg | Menachem Begin poses at Camp David, 1978.

Image: Carter and Sadat. jpg | President of Egypt, Anwar Sadat, and Jimmy Carter meet at the beginning of the Camp David Summit in 1978.

Image: President Reagan and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at Camp David 1986. jpg | British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and President Ronald Reagan walk at Camp David in 1986.