His exact date of death remains unclear as well, with most research pointing toward it being between April 14, 1202, and April 5, 1203.

John crossed over into Normandy and his forces soon captured Arthur, and in 1203, the young man disappeared, with most people believing that John had Arthur murdered.

William was heavily engaged with the defence of Normandy against the growing pressure of the Capetian armies between 1200 and 1203.

He sailed with King John when he abandoned the duchy in December 1203.

From 1203 onwards, the family of the first Shogun Yoritomo's wife, the Hōjō clan, effectively had total control over the nation with the title Shikken ( Regent ), setting up a Hojo family court that discussed and made most of the significant decisions.

The father was widely regarded to have been King Haakon Sverresson, the leader of the birkebeiner faction in the ongoing civil war against the bagler, as Inga had been with Haakon in his hostel in Borg ( now Sarpsborg ) in late 1203.

In his relations with other officers, Walter worked closely with the justiciar Geoffrey Fitz Peter, on the collection of taxation, and both men went to Wales in 1203 on a diplomatic mission.

When King John abandoned Normandy in late 1203, effectively relinquishing control of the duchy to Philip, de Gray was one of his companions on the journey to the port of Barfleur, and went on to England with the king.

He then supported King John's claim to the throne of England, supported the new king in making various royal grants and was in attendance with John in Normandy at the time of Arthur of Brittany's death in 1203.

* 1203: Yoritomo's successor as head of the Kamakura shogunate, Minamoto no Yoriie, was assassinated ; and former emperor Go-Toba was responsible for good relations with the shogunate when it was headed by Minamoto no Sanetomo from 1203 through 1219.

In 1203, Masako's other son by Yoritomo, Minamoto no Sanetomo, became the third shogun with Tokimasa as regent.

By 1203, this Andrew was involved in conflict with his own brother, Emeric of Hungary.

In 1203 the shogun was arrested along with his supporter Hiki Yoshikazu.

The oldest known rhyme tables are a version of the Yunjing published with prefaces dated 1161 and 1203, and the Qiyin lüe, which was included in the 1161 encyclopedia Tōngzhì ( 通志 ).

The couple signed the deed of donation on 23 June 1203 in the presence of Hedwig's brother Ekbert Bishop of Bamberg ; the monastery was settled with German nuns descending from Bamberg in Franconia.

The town became a borough in 1203, with a charter permitting a weekly market and annual fair.

The Empire of Trebizond was founded in early April 1204, when Alexios Komnenos and his brother David Komnenos, taking advantage of the preoccupation of the central Byzantine government with the encampment of the soldiers of the Fourth Crusade outside their walls ( June 1203 – mid-April 1204 ), seized the city of Trebizond and the surrounding province of Chaldia with troops provided by their relative, Tamar of Georgia.

According to the Livonian Chronicle of Henry, Semigallians formed an alliance with bishop Albert of Riga against rebellious Livonians before 1203, and received military support to hold back Lithuanian attacks in 1205.

* A son that went with the Pope's emissaries in 1203 to explain heresy accusations against Kulin

After a brief stint in Chernihiv, where he built the Church of St. Paraskebas, Rurik, along with his kinsmen and a Cuman army, attacked and sacked Kiev in 1203, but was repelled until Roman's death in 1205.

Following the collapse of the Almoravid power at the hand of the Almohads in the 1140s, the Banu Ghaniya continued to govern the Balearic Islands as independent emirs until about 1203, with a brief interruption in the 1180s.

He remains the all-time record points scorer for the British and Irish Lions ( in test matches ) with 66, the all time record points scorer for Watsonians with 1203, and until 2007 was the all time record points scorer for an individual player in the Rugby World Cup with 227 points.

* 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Eastern Roman Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade.

His participation in the attempted usurpation of John Komnenos the Fat in 1200 had caused him to be imprisoned until the accession of Isaac II Angelos, who was restored to the throne after having been deposed and imprisoned by his brother Alexios III, and his son Alexios IV Angelos, who were placed on the throne by the intervention of the Fourth Crusade in July 1203.

In the course of a plot between Philip of Swabia, Boniface of Montferrat and the Doge of Venice, the Fourth Crusade was, despite papal excommunication, diverted in 1203 against Constantinople, ostensibly promoting the claims of Alexius son of the deposed emperor Isaac.

However, although the use of hastily improvised fireships is mentioned during the 1203 siege of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, no report confirms the use of the actual Greek fire.

* 1203 – The Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault.

He was one of the noblest men among the Byzantine aristocracy, and might have succeeded to the throne in regular fashion if the Fourth Crusade had not been diverted to Constantinople in 1203.

Theodore later distinguished himself during the sieges of Constantinople by the Latins of the Fourth Crusade ( 1203 – 1204 ).

That tower was on a different site and was largely destroyed in 1203, during the Fourth Crusade of 1202 – 1204.

John remained in office after Alexios III's deposition in July 1203, and according to Western sources, both he and Alexios IV Angelos, threatened by the Fourth Crusade, acknowledged papal supremacy in the same year.

He was prominent in the initial defence of Constantinople against the Fourth Crusade, in 1202 – 1203.

The kastellion and the Jewish quarter were seized and destroyed in 1203 by the Catholic crusaders during the Fourth Crusade, shortly before the sack of Constantinople.

Venice became a fully imperial power following the Venetian-financed Fourth Crusade, which in 1203 captured and in 1204 sacked Constantinople and established the Latin Empire.

By the time the Fourth Crusade arrived at Constantinople in 1203, there were allegedly only 20 ships left, so decayed that during the siege, 17 were employed, without success, as fireships against the Venetian fleet.

* It has been suggested by several chronicles ( notably the Annals of Westhide Abbey ) that King John killed his nephew, Arthur of Brittany, by defenestration from the castle at Rouen, France, in 1203.

Alexios III Angelos () ( c. 1153 – 1211 ) was Byzantine Emperor from 1195 to 1203.

The crusaders, whose objective had been Egypt, were persuaded to set their course for Constantinople before which they appeared in June 1203, proclaiming Alexios IV as Emperor and inviting the populace of the capital to depose his uncle.

Alexios IV Angelos ( or Alexius IV Angelus ) () ( c. 1182 – February 8, 1204 ) was Byzantine Emperor from August 1203 to January 1204.

On July 18, 1203 the Crusaders launched an assault on the city, and Alexios III immediately fled into Thrace.

The ancient cell of Helandaris was donated by Emperor Alexios III Angelos ( 1195 – 1203 ) " to the Serbs as an eternal gift ..." and Stefan Nemanja establishes and endows the monastery in 1198 ( before 13 February 1199 ).

John was a member of the Kamateros family, to which belonged the Empress Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera, wife of Alexios III Angelos ( r. 1195 – 1203 ).

Isaac now traveled to the Sultanate of Rum, where he attempted to gain support against the new Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos ( 1195 – 1203 ).

In July 1203, the Crusaders took Constantinople and put Alexios IV Angelos on the throne, as promised.

* Alexios III Angelos ( Αλέξιος Γ ' Άγγελος ) ( c. 1153 – 1211 ) was Byzantine emperor from 1195 to 1203

* Alexios IV Angelos ( Αλέξιος Δ ' Άγγελος ) ( c. 1182 – February 8, 1204 ) was Byzantine Emperor from August 1203 to January 1204.

In 1186, with his brother Alexios III ( 1195 – 1203 ) being held captive in Acre, Isaac II sent 80 galleys to liberate him, but the fleet was destroyed off Cyprus by the Norman pirate Margaritus of Brindisi.

Roman turned his attention to the Cumans, who were threatening Byzantine interests in the Balkan Peninsula, and agreed to come to the assistance of Emperor Alexios III Angelos ( 1195 – 1203 ) and a severe blow was administered to the nomads.