After making the French envoy wait for many months, Mongke officially received William Rubruck on May 24, 1254.

He had an audience with Mongke on September 13, 1254, advised the Khagan on Christian matters in Western Asia, and obtained from Mongke Khan documents guaranteeing the inviolability of his person and his kingdom.

In 1254 the Delhi official Kushlu Khan offered his submission to Mongke Khan and accepted a Mongol darugachi.

Pope Innocent IV organized the first missions to the Great Khan Tartary in 1254, entrusted to the Franciscans, as were subsequent Papal missions over the next century.

In 1254 he organized an armed expedition against Henry III the White, destroying part of the Bishopric of Wrocław goods ( i. e. Oleśnica ), for which Przemysł I was excommunicated, and the penalty was only removed after the Greater Poland Duke repared the damages in the Church states.

It was the first European institution to receive the formal title of " University " as such ; it was granted by King Alfonso X in 1254 and recognized by Pope Alexander IV in 1255.

In May 1254, during his stay among the Mongols, William entered into a famous competition at the Mongol court, as the khan encouraged a formal debate between the Christians, Buddhists, and Muslims, to determine which faith was correct, as determined by three judges, one from each faith.

In Connelly v DPP ( AC 1254 ), the Law Lords ruled that a defendant could not be tried for any offence arising out of substantially the same set of facts relied upon in a previous charge of which he had been acquitted, unless there are " special circumstances " proven by the prosecution.

The Great Interregnum, a period in which there were several elected rival kings non of whom was able to achieve any position of authority, followed the death of Frederick's son King Conrad IV of Germany in 1254.

Marco Polo (; ; September 15, 1254 – January 9, 1324 ) was a Venetian merchant traveler whose travels are recorded in Il Milione, a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China.

Innocent could therefore live a period in which he was the effective sovereign of most of the peninsula, and on 27 October 1254 he celebrated the feat by entering the city of Naples.

* 1254 – King Louis IX of France, having exhausted his funds and being needed at home, abandons the Seventh Crusade ( which he had conducted first in Egypt and then Syria ) and returns to France.

In 1254 Afonso III summoned cortes to Leiria, in which the chief cities were represented, as well as the nobles and clergy.

To support a second war against Frederick II, the Milanese borrowed a cup of gold from Monza ; for its return is necessary to resort to excommunication, which was imposed in 1254: the cup is returned, but missing 17 gems, as shown an inventory of 1275.

Opole received German town law in 1254, which was expanded with Neumarkt law in 1327 and Magdeburg rights in 1410.

His set of 1254 images, which are believed to be the complete collection of all available Bishop art, were regularly posted to usenet newsgroups so that Bishop's work could be preserved and appreciated.

The city developed rapidly, which led to its first expansion: the Burg district expanded to the west in 1224, a town was established across the river in 1254, and in 1280 development began near Place Python.

With Conrad's death in 1254 began the " Interregnum ", during which no ruler managed to gain undisputed control of Germany.

This building, also known as Adalbold's Dom, was partially destroyed in the big fire of 1253 which ravaged much of Utrecht, leading Bishop Hendrik van Vianen to initiate the construction of the current Gothic structure in 1254.

He issued also a general privilege to the Jews ( 1254 ), which established principles of incorporation of the Jews into the Czech society, until 1848.

Krauss supports his hypothesis with evidence from Ostraca IFAO 1254 which was initially published by Jac Janssen in a BIFAO 84 ( 1984 ) paper under the title " A Curious Error.

At Louis's suggestion, in 1254 the 17-year-old Bohemond married Sibylla of Armenia, daughter of Hetoum I of Armenia, which ended the power struggle between the two states that had been started by Bohemond IV, his grandfather.

Möngke concerned himself more with the war in China, outflanking the Song Dynasty through the conquest of Yunnan in 1254 and an invasion of Indochina, which allowed the Mongols to invade from north, west, and south.

Bengt Birgersson, the first Duke of Finland ( 1254 – 91, Duke from 1284 until 1291 ), and Valdemar Magnusson, the second Duke ( died 1318, Duke of Finland from 1302 until 1317 ), both used the later Folkunga coat of arms, which was a crowned lion rampant with three bends sinister, the main difference being that Valdemar's arms had the field strewn with hearts ( Figure 3 ).

In 1254, the name was recorded as Hauekehurst ; in 1278, it is often shown as Haukhurst ; by 1610, it had changed to Hawkherst, which then evolved into the current spelling.

The reforms which were begun by Gebhard von Plaien ( 1221 – 32 ) and Rüdiger von Rodeck ( 1233 – 1250 ) found a zealous promoter in Otto von Lonsdorf ( 1254 – 65 ), one of the greatest bishops of Passau.

The village was originally Mannestone which means ' farm on top of a hill ' ( a possible alternative variation is a farm belonging to a man called Mann ) and was recorded in 1254 as Manneston, but obtained its modern spelling in 1381 around the time of the Peasants ' Revolt.

William III de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby ( 1193 – 28 March 1254 ) was an English nobleman and head of a family which controlled a large part of Derbyshire including an area known as Duffield Frith.

The chronicles make no mention of a great Pandyan invasion which seems to have taken place between 1254 and 1256, in which one of the kings of Lanka was slain and the other rendered tributary.

After the death of Frederick II in 1250, the German kingdom was divided between his son Conrad IV ( died 1254 ) and the anti-king, William of Holland ( died 1256 ).

* William II of Cagliari ( died 1254 )

* March – William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby ( d. 1254 )

He was succeeded by his son William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (?– 1254 ) who married Sibyl Marshall and then Margaret De Quincy with whom he had his son and heir Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby ( 1239 – 1279 ), who became the next Earl.

* William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby ( d. 1254 )

The manor was held by Elias de la Falaise at his death in 1254, and his brother William died in possession of the manor in the same year.

* William, Bishop of Cambrai ( 1254 – 1296 )

# William, Bishop of Cambrai ( 1254 – 1296 )

Closer to Carnoustie, a number of medieval mottes can be found, including at Old Downie, where the thanage can be traced to Duncan of Downie in 1254, and at Grange of Barry, as well as the ruins of Panmure Castle where, it is said, William the Lion signed the Panmure charter granting the lands of Panmure to Philip de Valognes in 1172.

William was elected to the see of Ely about 29 September 1254 and consecrated on 15 August 1255 at Bellay in Savoy by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Boniface of Savoy.

From William, who died in 1223, Royton passed to his son Thomas, who was still alive in 1254.

However, by 1254 its population had recovered enough that William of Rubruck was able to say an earthquake had killed more than 10, 000 people.

The eldest daughter, Margaret, married William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby ( d. 1254 ); the second daughter, Elizabeth ( or Isabella ), married Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan ( d. 1289 ); the third daughter, Helen, married Alan de la Zouche ( d. 1270 ).

* William de Cantilupe ( d. 1254 )

William III de Cantilupe ( died 25 September 1254 ) ( anciently Cantelow, Cantelou, Canteloupe, etc, Latinised to de Cantilupo ) was lord of Abergavenny in right of his wife, Eve de Braose, of the de Braose dynasty of Welsh Marcher Lords, who inherited the tenancy.