In August 1418, following Taejong's abdication two months earlier, Sejong ascended the throne.

Although Wallachia paid tribute to the Ottoman Empire from 1417, and Moldavia from 1456, their two medieval monarchs, Mircea the Old of Wallachia ( 1386 – 1418 ) and Stephen the Great of Moldavia ( 1457 – 1504 ) conducted successful military operations against the Ottoman Turks.

The Council of Constance ( 1414 – 1418 ) successfully ended the Schism by deposing two Popes ( John XXIII and Benedict XIII )-the third Pope abdicated-and electing a successor in Martin V. The Council also decreed to maintain the council as the primary church body from then on, though Martin did not ratify this decision.

On Christmas day 1418, King Henry allowed two priests to give food to the starving people, but the day soon ended and the people went back to dying miserably in the ditch.

Twenty-one dukes of the two dynasties ruled the Archipelago, successively as vassals of the Latin Emperors at Constantinople, of the Villehardouin dynasty of princes of Achaea, of the Angevins of the Kingdom of Naples ( in 1278 ), and after 1418 of the Republic of Venice.

Belfries were added to the two towers at the crossings, on the eastern tower in 1361 and on the western in 1418.

In Germany it was decided by the concordat of Constance, in 1418, that bishoprics and abbacies should pay the servitia according to the valuation of the Roman chancery in two half-yearly instalments.

Reginald was primarily important as the juncture between two important families, and for the politically-important connections that he and his children formed, and from which later holders of the title would profit ; although he did go to the wars, commanding garrisons in France from 1418 to 1421.

Although the exact year of their introduction is not known for certain, in 1418 King Sejong issued rewards to two scholars for their work in setting up seowon in Gimje and Gwangju.

On land he again defeated the Moors, who attempted to retake Ceuta in 1418 ; but in an expedition to Tangier, undertaken in 1437 by King Edward ( 1433 – 1438 ), the Portuguese army was defeated, and could only escape destruction by surrendering as a hostage Prince Ferdinand, the king's youngest brother.

It was not until Prince Henry the Navigator began in 1418 to encourage the penetration of the torrid zone in the effort to reach India by circumnavigating Africa that European exploration of the southern hemisphere began.

## Yi Yong, the Grand Prince Anpyeong ( 이용 안평대군, 1418 – 1453 ), 3rd son

## Yi Jong, the Grand Prince Seongnyeong ( 이종 성녕대군, 1405 – 1418 ), 4th son

Prince Henry the Navigator first sent ships to explore the African coast in 1418.

The settlement of Solca was first mentioned in a document issued by Moldavian Prince Alexandru cel Bun on January 15, 1418.

* November 26 – Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset ( d. 1418 )

During this time Henry V had a policy of creating Norman titles for his aristocrats, and thus Beaufort was created Count of Harcourt in 1418.

* Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset ( c. 1401 – 25 November 1418 ).

In 1388, Henry married Catherine of Lancaster ( 1372 – 1418 ), the daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and Gaunt's second wife, Constance of Castile, who was the elder daughter of King Peter of Castile.

* Catherine of Lancaster ( 1372 – 1418 ), wife of Henry III of Castile

* Henry Ware ( 1416 – 1418 )

Baptised on 25 March 1404, he was the second son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland, and succeeded his childless elder brother Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset to become the 3rd Earl of Somerset in 1418.

He was succeeded as Earl of Somerset by his son Henry Beaufort ( 1401 – 1418 ), but his early death left the title to his brother John Beaufort ( 1404 – 1444 ).

In 1418, while Henry V was alive, he successfully protested against Beaufort's being made a cardinal and legate a latere to supersede the legatine jurisdiction of Canterbury.

* Henry Scrope, 4th Baron Scrope of Bolton ( 1418 – 1459 )

Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset ( 26 November ( probable ) 1401 – 25 November 1418 ) was the eldest son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and the grandson of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford.

The school traces its history back to a estate owned by the Wogan family in 1418 under the reign of Henry IV.

In 1417 he was made admiral of the fleet under John, Duke of Bedford, and was with Henry V in 1418 at the siege of Rouen.

During the wars of his elder brother Henry V in France, Clarence fought in the Siege of Rouen ( July 1418 – 19 January 1419 ), where he commanded the besieging force ; and in the Battle of Baugé on 22 March 1421.

Catherine of Lancaster ( Castilian: Catalina ; 31 March 1373 – 1418 ) was Queen of Castile as the wife of King Henry III of Castile.

* Catherine of Lancaster ( 1373 – 1418 ), married King Henry III of Castile ( 1379 – 1406 )

That same year ( 1418 ), John and his brother Henry led a relief fleet to Ceuta, and helped lift the Moroccan-Granadan siege.

Francisco Moniz was a nobleman from the Algarve, who married Filipa da Câmara ( daughter of Garcia Rodrigues da Câmara ) who was one of the sons of João Gonçalves Zarco, the leader who discovered Porto Santo ( 1418 ) with Tristão Vaz Teixeira and later the island of Madeira with Bartolomeu Perestrelo ( 1419 ).

Around 1418, while exploring the coast of Africa, he and João Gonçalves Zarco were taken of course by bad weather, and came upon an island which they called Porto Santo ( Holy Harbor ).

In his service still at a young age Zarco commanded the caravels guarding the coast of Algarve from the incursions of the Moors, was at the conquest of Ceuta, and later led the caravels that recognized the island of Porto Santo in 1418 to 1419 and afterward, the island of Madeira 1419 to 1420.

Work on this church, at the top of the town, began in 1418 in a Gothic style, and continued non-stop until 1625, though the finishing touches were not completed until 1715, in the Renaissance period.

The 5 Ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire in Medieval Livonia were organized into the Livonian Confederation in 1418 A diet or Landtag was formed in 1419.

Most of his fief were located in northern Lazio, but he entered in the Neapolitan orbit when in 1418 he was called by Sergianni Caracciolo to fight against the Angevine troops, which he defeated.

Eck also forced Luther to declare that Ecumenical Councils were sometimes errant, as in the case when Konstance ( 1414 – 1418 ) condemned Hus ( 1415 ).

Believing that the Peloponnesians were direct descendents of the ancient Hellenes, Pletho rejected Justinian's idea of a universal Empire in favour of recreating the Hellenistic civilization, the zenith of Greek influence, In his 1415 and 1418 pamphlets urged Manuel II and his son Theodore to turn the peninsula into a cultural island with a new constitution of strongly centralised monarchy advised by a small body of middle-class educated men.

In 1367 the foundation of the Three Leagues in the area was a first step towards Chur's autonomy: a burgmeister ( mayor ) is first mentioned in 1413, and the bishop's residence was attacked by the inhabitants in 1418 and 1422, when a series of concessions were wrung out of him.

Thus by the time of King Sejong ( ruled 1418 – 1450 ), all branches of learning were rooted in this way of thinking although branches of Buddhism in Korea were still let to grow outside of the major political centres in a tolerance of other kinds of worship.

The Annals of the first three kings of the Joseon dynasty, those of Taejo ( r. 1392 – 1398 ), Jeongjong ( r. 1399 – 1400 ), and Taejong ( r. 1401 – 1418 ), were hand-written manuscripts.

Later annals, from the Annals of Sejong ( r. 1418 ∼ 1450 ) onwards, were printed with movable metal and wooden type, which was unprecedented in the making of annals in Japan and China.

Previously known only in fragments, the complete works of Columella were among those discovered in monastery libraries in Switzerland and France by Poggio Bracciolini and his assistant Bartolomeo di Montepulciano during the Council of Constance, between 1414 and 1418.

Such treatment of civilians in sieges was not uncommon, and such scenes were repeated much later at the sieges of Calais in 1346 and Rouen in 1418 – 1419, both in the Hundred Years ' War.

In 1961 Sheikh Badraldin's remains were transferred from Greece to the mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud in Divanyolu, Istanbul and the date mentioned on the tomb is 1418 or 820 A. H.

It is characteristic that in his 1418 pamphlet to the despotēs Theodore Palaiologos, the scholar Gemistos Plethon advises against the maintenance of a navy, on the grounds that resources were insufficient to adequately maintain both it and an effective army.