Relationships with the royal family remained cold under Joan II ; However, when Raimondello's son Giannantonio ( 1386 – 1453 ) sent his troops to help her against the usurpation attempt of James of Bourbon, he received in exchange the Principality of Taranto.

On 1 June 1453, just three days after the fall of the city, the new Patriarch's procession passed through the streets where Mehmed received Gennadius graciously and himself invested him with the signs of his office – the crosier ( dikanikion ) and mantle.

The Armourers ' Guild was established in 1322 ; it received a Royal Charter in 1453.

In the fall of 1453, after the Ottoman capture of Constantinople, Moldavia received an ultimatum to start paying tribute to the Porte ; two years later, on October 5, 1455, Aron sent the first Moldavian tribute to the Porte: a payment of 2, 000 ducats.

* George Finlay ( 1854 ), History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons

* Istanbul details the history of the city from 1453 on, and describes the modern city.

** Modern Greek, ( from 1453 AD )

The tensions between the Houses of Plantagenet and Capet climaxed during the so-called Hundred Years ' War ( actually several distinct wars over the period 1337 to 1453 ) when the Plantagenets claimed the throne of France from the Valois.

Of the icon painting tradition that developed in Byzantium, with Constantinople as the chief city, we have only a few icons from the 11th century and none preceding them, in part because of the Iconoclastic reforms during which many were destroyed, and also because of plundering by Venetians in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade, and finally the taking of the city by the Islamic Turks in 1453.

Belgian historian Henri Pirenne and Dutch historian Johan Huizinga popularized the following subdivisions in the early 20th century: the Early Middle Ages from 476 to 1000, the High Middle Ages from 1000 to 1300, and the Late Middle Ages from 1300 to 1453.

from: 1300 till: 1453 text: Late Middle Ages

from: 1453 till: 1500 text: Early modern

Following the loss of Gascony to the French in 1453, imports of wine were also sometimes embargoed during wars to try to deprive the French of the revenues that could be earned from their main export.

* " Historical Dynamics in a Time of Crisis: Late Byzantium, 1204 – 1453 " ( discussion of social dynamics from the point of view of historical studies )

* Constantine XI, The last Byzantine Emperor and Roman Emperor. He lived from 1404 – 1453.

Mehmet II's transfers focused on the re-population of the city of Istanbul following its conquest in 1453, transporting Christians, Muslims, and Jews into the new capital from across the empire.

The building was a mosque from 29 May 1453 until 1931, when it was secularized.

Manuel also regained from Ottomans Nesebar ( 1403 – 1453 ), Varna ( 1403 – 1415 ), and the Marmara coast from Scutari to Nicomedia between 1403 – 1421.

Henry VI ( 6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471 ) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453.

She also claimed to be Queen consort of France from 1445 to 1453.

After retiring from London to live in lavish state at Greenwich, Margaret was occupied with the care of her young son and did not display any signs of overt belligerence until she believed her husband was threatened with deposition by the ambitious Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, who, to her consternation, had been appointed regent while Henry was mentally incapacitated from 1453 to 1454.

bar: 1453 from: start till: 1200

The migration of Byzantine scholars and other émigrés from southern Italy and Byzantium during the decline of the Byzantine Empire ( 1203 – 1453 ) and mainly after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 until the 16th century, is considered by some scholars as key to the revival of Greek and Roman studies and subsequently in the development of the Renaissance humanism and science.

When he married Margaret, his mental condition was already unstable and by the time their only son, Edward of Westminster, was born on 13 October 1453, he had suffered a complete breakdown.

Because of this, when the Duke of York came to power in 1453 – 54, during Henry VI's first period of insanity, negotiations were made between himself and Isabella for a marriage between Charles the Bold, then Count of Charolais, and one of York's unmarried daughters, of whom the 8-year old Margaret was the youngest.

* Margaret Bent: " Dunstaple, John ( d. 1453 ), composer ", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography ( subscription access )

* Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales ( 1453 – 1471 ), son of King Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou

* 1515 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general and statesman ( b. 1453 )

One of Giacomo's daughters, Clarice ( 1453 – July 30, 1488 ) became Lorenzo de ' Medici's wife.

The military prowess of Afonso de Albuquerque ( 1453 – 1515 ) allowed the Portuguese to take control of the sea routes to India.

* 1453 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general ( d. 1515 )

* Afonso de Albuquerque ( 1453 – 1515 ) was a Portuguese nobleman, naval general officer whose military and administrative activities conquered and established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian ocean.

de: 1453

* April 26 – Giuliano di Piero de ' Medici, son of Piero di Cosimo de ' Medici ( assassinated ) ( b. 1453 )

* December 2 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general and statesman ( b. 1453 )

* December 16 – Afonso de Albuquerque, Portuguese naval general ( b. 1453 )

* Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba ( 1453 – 1515 ), Spanish military leader

In 1453 it became land directly under the French Crown, except from 1469 to 1472 when it was granted to Charles de Valois ( until his death ).

The substantial Porte de Valenciennes town gate, a reminder of the town's past military importance, was built in 1453.

At the end of the Hundred Years War in 1453, Charles VII of France declared that Beaucaire would become the site of the Foire de la Madeleine, a commercial fair that would enable the trade of goods from all of the Mediterranean Basin countries to all of France.

Enguerrand de Monstrelet ( c. 1400 – 20 July 1453 ), was a French chronicle writer and author of the Chronique de Enguerrand de Monstrelet.

* a portrait bust of Piero de Medici ( 1453 ), notable as " the oldest authenticated example we have of a post-classical portrait of a living person in the form of a marble bust ".

Giuliano de ' Medici ( 1453 – April 26, 1478 ) was the second son of Piero de ' Medici ( the Gouty ) and Lucrezia Tornabuoni.

hr: Giuliano de ' Medici ( 1453 .– 1478.

sh: Giuliano de ' Medici ( 1453 – 1478 )

His other works include Atlas historique de la France accompagné d ' un volume de texte ( 1849 ); Histoire de France de 1453 à 1815 ( 1856 ), of which an expanded and illustrated edition appeared as Histoire de France depuis l ' invasion des Barbares dans la Gaule romaine jusqu ' à nos jours ( 1892 ); Histoire populaire de la France ( 1862 – 1863 ); Histoire populaire contemporaine de la France ( 1864 – 1866 ); Causeries de voyage: de Paris à Vienne ( 1864 ); and Introduction générale à l ' histoire de France ( 1865 ).