After some delay Sigismund assented to the offer, with the provision that Prussia should be treated as a Polish fiefdom ; and after this arrangement had been confirmed by a treaty concluded at Kraków, Albert pledged a personal oath to Sigismund I and was invested with the duchy for himself and his heirs on 10 February 1525.

By 1525 Henry was infatuated with his mistress Anne Boleyn and dissatisfied that his marriage to Catherine had produced no surviving sons, leaving their daughter, the future Mary I of England, as heiress presumptive at a time when there was no established precedent for a woman on the throne.

For the following years with his family, till he left for studies in Paris in 1525, Francis ' life in the Kingdom of Navarre, then partially occupied by Spain, was surrounded by a war that lasted over 18 years, ending with the Kingdom of Navarre being partitioned into two territories, and the King of Navarre and some loyalists abandoning the south and moving to the northern part of the Kingdom of Navarre ( currently France ).

After two years, he gave up his appointment to pursue his studies at Leipzig, where, as rector, he received the support of the professor of classics, Peter Mosellanus ( 1493 – 1525 ), a celebrated humanist of the time, with whom he had already been in correspondence.

He was taken prisoner along with that monarch at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, and was released only on payment of a heavy ransom.

In 1525, Duke George formed, with some other German rulers, the League of Dessau, for the protection of Catholic interests.

He had been a descendant of the Israelite tribe of Issachar ; he had been educated by his grandfathers, who had both been physicians to the court of Good King René of Provence ; he had attended Montpellier University in 1525 to gain his first degree: after returning there in 1529 he had successfully taken his medical doctorate ; he had gone on to lecture in the Medical Faculty there until his views became too unpopular ; he had supported the heliocentric view of the universe ; he had travelled to the north-east of France, where he had composed prophecies at the abbey of Orval ; in the course of his travels he had performed a variety of prodigies, including identifying a future Pope ; he had successfully cured the Plague at Aix-en-Provence and elsewhere ; he had engaged in scrying using either a magic mirror or a bowl of water ; he had been joined by his secretary Chavigny at Easter 1554 ; having published the first installment of his Propheties, he had been summoned by Queen Catherine de ' Medici to Paris in 1556 to discuss with her his prophecy at quatrain I. 35 that her husband King Henri II would be killed in a duel ; he had examined the royal children at Blois ; he had bequeathed to his son a ' lost book ' of his own prophetic paintings ; he had been buried standing up ; and he had been found, when dug up at the French Revolution, to be wearing a medallion bearing the exact date of his disinterment.

Since the 13th century the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights ( with Warmia ) was colonised mainly by Germans ( the Duchy of Prussia, Lutheran from 1525 onwards, gave refuge to Protestant Poles, Lithuanians, Scots, Salzburgers ).

At this time, possibly in Wittenberg, he began translating the New Testament, completing it in 1525, with assistance from Observant friar William Roy.

The Battle of Pavia ( 1525 ) marks a watershed in the city's fortunes, since by that time, the former cleavage between the supporters of the Pope and those of the Holy Roman Emperor had shifted to one between a French party ( allied with the Pope ) and a party supporting the Emperor and King of Spain Charles V. Thus during the Valois-Habsburg Italian Wars, Pavia was naturally on the Imperial ( and Spanish ) side.

Vasco's sons Estêvão and Paulo immediately lost their posts and joined the returning fleet of early 1525 ( along with the dismissed Duarte de Menezes and Luís de Menezes ).

* The Palazzo Te ( 1525 – 1535 ), a creation of Giulio Romano ( who lived in Mantua in his final years ) in the mature Renaissance style, with some hints of a post-Raphaelian mannerism.

Eastern Prussia, later called Duchy of Prussia remained with the Teutonic Order until 1525, as a Polish fief.

Charles allied with England and Pope Leo X against the French and the Venetians, and was highly successful, driving the French out of Milan and defeating and capturing Francis at the Battle of Pavia in 1525.

The reformer Thomas Müntzer ( 1489 – 1525 ) connected socially revolutionary claims with his preaching of the gospel.

In 1520, Salisbury was appointed Governess to Henry's daughter, Princess Mary ; the next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed, but she was restored by 1525.

John Stow ( c. 1525 – 1605 ), credited Ebraucus with building " the Castell of Maidens called Edenbrough " in 989 BC.

The death in 1525 of the Elector Frederick the Wise and Elector John's in 1532 brought no change in Cranach's position ; he remained a favourite with John Frederick I, under whom he twice ( 1531 and 1540 ) filled the office of burgomaster of Wittenberg.

The Italian style oak coffer ceiling dating from 1525, with small hanging keys, is one of the first of this type known in France.

* Henry VIII's writing desk, dated 1525, made from walnut and oak, lined with leather and painted and gilded with the king's coat of arms

It houses a Madonna with Child ( Madonna of the Rose ) by Spinello Aretino, visible in the high altar ( c. 1525 ) designed by Guillaume de Marcillat.

" Dürer may even have contributed to the Nuremberg City Council's mandating Lutheran sermons and services in March 1525.

On 10 December 1525, at their session in Königsberg, the Prussian estates established the Lutheran Church in Ducal Prussia by deciding the Church Order.

According to other sources, people from Masovia did not move to southern Prussia until the time of the Protestant Reformation, Prussia having become Lutheran in 1525.

On April 10, 1525, two days after signing of the Treaty of Kraków, in the market of the Polish capital Kraków, Albert resigned his position as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights to become a Lutheran and received the title " Duke of Prussia " from his uncle King Zygmunt I the Old of Poland.

On 10 December 1525, at their session in Königsberg, the Prussian estates established the Lutheran Church in Ducal Prussia by deciding the Church Order.

In 1525, during the aftermath of the Polish-Teutonic War ( 1519 – 1521 ), Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland, and his nephew, the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, a member of a cadet branch of the House of Hohenzollern, agreed that the latter would resign his position, adopt the Lutheran faith and assume the title of Duke of Prussia.

On 10 December 1525 at their session in Königsberg the Prussian estates established the Lutheran Church in Ducal Prussia by deciding the Church Order.

In consequence of his professed attachment to the doctrines of Martin Luther he was transferred, in the spring of 1525, to the monastery of the Order of Saint John at Viborg in Jutland, where he continued to preach the Lutheran belief, and eventually was allowed to use the pulpit of the Saint Johns Church.

Spanish Hidalgos reported finding the plants growing in Mexico in 1525, but the earliest known description is by Francisco Hernández, physician to Philip II, who was ordered to visit Mexico in 1570 to study the " natural products of that country ".

Philip refused to be drawn into the anti-Lutheran league of George, Duke of Saxony, in 1525.

Little is known of his early life other than that he was a choirboy at Arras in 1525 ; later in life he had a succession of posts in Arras, Tours and Tournai, before going to Spain to be master of the Flemish chapel ( capilla flamenca ) at the court of Philip II, where he stayed for the remainder of his life.

Hans Collaert ( c. 1525 / 1530 – 1580 ) was an early Flemish engraver, father of the engravers Jan Collaert II ( Antwerp 1561-1620 / 1628 ), who married Elisabeth Galle, and Adrian Collaert ( Antwerp c1555 / 65-1618 ) who married Justa Galle, both daughters of the engraver and publisher Philip Galle.

In 1525, Anthony married Joan Champernowne, cousin to Katherine Ashley née Champernowne, the governess of the future Queen Elizabeth I.

The city was defended by the Mam king Kayb ' il B ' alam ; it was attacked by Gonzalo de Alvarado y Chávez, cousin of Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, in 1525.

Paulet was eldest son of Sir John Paulet of Basing, near Basingstoke ( 1460 – 5 January 1525 ) who had married a cousin, Alice Paulet, who survived her husband, daughter of Sir William Paulet and Elizabeth Denebaud.

On 10 February 1525, Catherine married her first cousin, King John III of Portugal.

Gonzalo de Alvarado y Chávez was Pedro de Alvarado's cousin ; he accompanied him on his first campaign in Guatemala and in 1525 he became the chief constable of Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, the newly founded Spanish capital.

His health, however, had begun to give way under the strain of wounds and exposure ; and he died at Milan on 4 November 1525. d ' Ávalos had no children ; his title descended to his cousin Alfonso D ' Ávalos, Marquis del Vasto, also a distinguished imperial general ( who in fact led the Imperialist musketeers at Pavia ).

* 1463 – Frederick III of Saxony, Elector of Saxony ( d. 1525 )

The first Hohenzollern claimant to descend from both Anna and her younger sister Elisabeth, was John George, Elector of Brandenburg ( 1525 – 98 ), his maternal grandmother having been Barbara Jagiellon.

* 1525 – John George, Elector of Brandenburg ( d. 1598 )

* January 8 – John George, Elector of Brandenburg, Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia ( b. 1525 )

* January 17 – Frederick III, Elector of Saxony ( d. 1525 )

* Frederick III, Elector of Saxony ( 1463 – 1525 ), known as Frederick the Wise

Frederick III of Saxony ( 17 January 1463 – 5 May 1525 ), also known as Frederick the Wise ( German " Friedrich der Weise "), was Elector of Saxony ( from the House of Wettin ) from 1486 to his death.

* Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, ( 1463 – 1525 )

# Frederick III, Elector of Saxony ( b. Torgau, 17 January 1463 – d. Lockau, 5 May 1525 ).

* Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, or Frederick the Wise ( 1463 – 1525 ), ruler of Saxony from 1486 – 1525, protector of Martin Luther

On 10 May 1525, during the German Peasants ' War, Louis V, Elector Palatine led negotiations with the insurgent peasants of the Geilweiler Haufen and the Bockenheimer Haufen.