* Spanish colonial city, and its surrounding province, founded with the name of Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo in 1538 ( later variously called La Plata, Chuquisaca, Charcas and Sucre ) in Upper Peru ; seat of the Real Audiencia of Charcas and later of an intendancy established in 1782 within the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata

* 1538 – The first university in the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is established.

In 1538, he was in Paris, superintending the printing of the " Great Bible ," and the same year were published, both in London and Paris, editions of a Latin and an English New Testament, the latter being by Coverdale.

He taught the New Testament in Greek as schoolmaster at Montrose, until investigated for heresy by the Bishop of Brechin in 1538.

Elsewhere, however, the English wording of the Rheims New Testament follows more or less closely the Protestant version first produced by William Tyndale in 1525 ; though the base text for the Rheims translators appears to be the revision of Tyndale found in an English and Latin diglot New Testament, published by Miles Coverdale in Paris in 1538.

The University of Santo Tomás de Aquino was created by means of the papal bull In Apostolatus culmine, dated October 28, 1538, from Pope Paul III, who raised to a university the seminary that the Dominicans had been operating from 1518 in Santo Domingo, the seat of the viceroy and the oldest colony of the New World.

Important naval victories of the Ottoman Empire in this period include the Battle of Preveza ( 1538 ); Battle of Ponza ( 1552 ); Battle of Djerba ( 1560 ); conquest of Algiers ( in 1516 and 1529 ) and Tunis ( in 1534 and 1574 ) from Spain ; conquest of Rhodes ( 1522 ) and Tripoli ( 1551 ) from the Knights of St. John ; capture of Nice ( 1543 ) from the Holy Roman Empire ; capture of Corsica ( 1553 ) from the Republic of Genoa ; capture of the Balearic Islands ( 1558 ) from Spain ; capture of Aden ( 1548 ), Muscat ( 1552 ) and Aceh ( 1565 – 67 ) from Portugal during the Indian Ocean expeditions ; among others.

A Holy League, which consisted of all the Italian states and Spain, was formed in 1538 to drive the Ottomans back, but was defeated at the Battle of Preveza.

In the face of this threat, Pope Paul III succeeded in February 1538 in assembling a ’’ Holy League ’’, comprising the Papacy, Spain, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Venice and the Knights of Malta, to confront Barbarossa.

In February 1538, Pope Paul III succeeded in assembling a Holy League ( comprising the Papacy, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Maltese Knights ) against the Ottomans, but Hayreddin Barbarossa defeated its combined fleet, commanded by Andrea Doria, at the Battle of Preveza in September 1538.

* Juan, ( 1st count of Puñonrostro, title awarded by king Charles I of Spain, a. k. a. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, deceased 1538 )

After his divorce of Catherine of Aragon England was left politically isolated, and the Peace of Nice between France and Spain in 1538 aroused fears of invasion.

* Knole House: built by Archbishop Bourchier in the second half of the 15th century, it was forfeited to the Crown by Archbishop Cranmer in 1538.

Albrecht Altdorfer ( c. 1480-February 12, 1538 ) was a German painter, engraver and architect of the Renaissance working in Regensburg.

In 1538 he was elected vicar-general of his order.

The Psalter, which had not been printed out in the 1549, 1552 or 1559 Books — was in 1662 provided in Miles Coverdale's translation from the Great Bible of 1538.

The Bible describes Jesus ' tomb as being outside the city wall, as was normal for burials across the ancient world, which were regarded as unclean, but the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is in the heart of Hadrian's city, well within the Old City walls, which were built by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1538 Some have claimed that the city had been much narrower in Jesus ' time, with the site then having been outside the walls ; since Herod Agrippa ( 41 – 44 ) is recorded by history as extending the city to the north ( beyond the present northern walls ), the required repositioning of the western wall is traditionally attributed to him as well.

Diego de Almagro, ( c. 1475 – July 8, 1538 ), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo ( The Elder ), was a Spanish conquistador and a companion and later rival of Francisco Pizarro.

Almagro was condemned to death and decapitated while in confinement on July 8, 1538 ( other sources suggest he was garrotted, which would have been more likely for a Christian man of fame ).

He was created a cardinal in pectore on 22 December 1536 by Pope Paul III ( at the same time as Reginald Pole ), which was published ( i. e., publicly announced ) only on 13 March 1538, at which time he was able to assume that office.

In the same way he was the animating spirit of the League of Halle, formed in 1533, from which sprang in 1538 the Holy League of Nuremberg for the maintenance of the religious Peace of Nuremberg.

One of his principal captains, Alonso de Cáceres, was responsible for quelling the indigenous revolt, led by the cacique Lempira in 1537 and 1538.

In 1538 Tripoli was reconquered by a pirate king called Khair ad-Din ( known more evocatively as Barbarossa, or Red Beard ) and the coast became renowned as the Barbary Coast.

By September 1538 Calvin had taken up his new position in Strasbourg, fully expecting that this time it would be permanent ; a few months later, he applied for and was granted citizenship of the city.

* The ruler of Mantua in 1575, when Oxford travelled through the area, was Duke Guglielmo Gonzaga, who happened to be a member of the same Gonzaga family of the wife of the Duke of Urbino, who was killed in 1538 by a poisoned lotion rubbed into his ears by his barber.

In 1538 the Audiencia Real de Panama, Royal Audiencia of Panama, was established, initially with jurisdiction from Nicaragua to Cape Horn.

Aden in Yemen was captured by the Ottomans in 1538, in order to provide an Ottoman base for raids against Portuguese possessions on the western coast of modern Pakistan and India.

In 1538, the Spanish fleet was defeated by Barbarossa at the Battle of Preveza, securing the eastern Mediterranean for the Turks for 33 years until the defeat at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.

A short-lived French Huguenot settlement was established at Dieppe Bay in 1538.

Secondly the Duchy of Crossen was inherited by Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1476 and, with the renunciation by King Ferdinand I and estates of Bohemia in 1538, it became an integral part of Brandenburg.

The article focuses on the reliability of the parochial registration system and the way in which it was exploited by the state as measured against the state ’ s objectives for establishing it in 1538.

In 1538, Vesalius wrote Epistola, docens venam axillarem dextri cubiti in dolore laterali secandam ( A letter, teaching that in cases of pain in the side, the axillary vein of the right elbow be cut ) which demonstrated a revived venesection, a classical procedure in which blood was drawn near the site of the ailment.

The first non-Spanish settlement attempt in the Caribbean occurred on Saint Kitts, when French Huguenot refugees from the fishing town of Dieppe established a town on a harbour on the island's north coast, which they also named Dieppe, in 1538.

The Ottomans were the first to call it " Besarabya ", when they established a military presence in the area in 1484 and 1538.

Of special importance was the University of Baeza established in 1538 by a papal bull of Pope Paul III Its first rector was Saint John of Ávila and became a model for seminaries and for the schools of the Jesuits.

He established himself as a physician in Mechelen in 1538.

Category: Populated places established in 1538

Novara and its surrounding territory was finally established as a marquessate in favour of Pier Luigi, but had to wait until February 1538 until formal investiture could be made.

By the early 16th century Birmingham has already evolved into a well established arms manufacturing town, in 1538 churchman John Leialand passes through the Midlands and writes:

By the early 16th century Birmingham had already evolved into a well established arms manufacturing town, in 1538 churchman John Leialand passed through the Midlands and wrote:

As the independent Sultani regime ( 1338 – 1538 ) established and sustained the power until Moghal dynasty recaptured it, the Muslim rulers since then started to see their roots deeply grounded in this part of Indian subcontinent by gradually of their kingdom.

In 1476 Wallachia and in 1538 Moldavia came under initially formal Ottoman suzerainty ; however, they preserved their self-rule in all aspects but foreign affairs, except for periods when individual princes defied Ottoman suzerainty and established extensive foreign relations as well — one such rule, that of Michael the Brave, also brought a brief personal union of the Danubian Principalities with each other and with Transylvania in 1600.

King Henry VIII established the 1538 Nonsuch Palace, considered one of his greatest building projects, to the north-east of the town.