They were preceded in proximity only by Henry VIII's three children-Prince Edward, Lady Mary and Lady Elizabeth-and the descendents of Margaret Tudor, the elder daughter of Henry VII and Queen consort of Scotland, after 1542 represented by Mary, Queen of Scots.

In the aftermath of the Battle of Solway Moss in 1542 he served as Warden of the Scottish Marches, and in the 1544 campaign the English force under Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford was supported by a fleet which Dudley commanded.

Following a petition in 1542 to Henry VIII from the townspeople of Shrewsbury for a free grammar school, Shrewsbury School was founded by charter in 1552 under King Edward VI by Adam Jones in three rented wooden buildings, which included Riggs Hall, built in 1450, and now the only remaining part of the original foundation.

** House of Aberffraw of Gwynedd and Wales, c. 878-1282, Conquered by Edward I of England 1282, Annexed into England with Laws in Wales Acts 1535 – 1542

" Edward Grant found relatively few believers in hard celestial spheres before Copernicus, and concluded that the idea first became common sometime between the publication of Copernicus's De revolutionibus in 1542 and Tycho Brahe's publication of his cometary research in 1588.

Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle, KG ( died 3 March 1542 ) was an illegitimate son of King Edward IV of England, and an important figure at the court of Henry VIII.

In 1542, he became pastor of a Protestant church at Emden and shortly after went to England, where in 1550 he was superintendent of the Strangers ' Church of London and had some influence on ecclesiastical affairs in the reign of Edward VI.

On James V's death in 1542, Angus returned to Scotland, with instructions from Henry to negotiate a marriage between Mary, Queen of Scots, and Edward VI.

In 1542 the earl was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Solway Moss and committed to the custody of the Duke of Norfolk, but was released on payment of a ransom of a thousand pounds and subscribing by his own hand to support Henry VIII's project of a marriage between the young Prince Edward and the Scottish Queen.

There were extensive repairs by James Needham, Clerk of the King's Works in 1542 in preparation for a Christmas visit by Prince Edward and his sisters Mary and Elizabeth, and again under Elizabeth I, who is believed to have stayed at Elsyng on at least four occasions.

* 1542 – 1551 – The Great Debasement refers to the English Crown ’ s policy of coement during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI.

* John Stuart, Duke of Albany ( c. 1481 – 1536 ) was Governor and Protector of the Realm ( 12 July 1515 – 16 November 1524 ) for James V of Scotland ( 1512 – 1542 )

* Sir Nicholas L ' Estrange, 1st Bt ( MP and Chamberlain to the Duke of Norfolk ( 1604-1655 ) descended from Roger le Strange, 5th Baron Strange de / of Knockin ( c. 1326 – 1392 ) and John Hastings, de jure 15th Baron Hastings ( 1531 – 1542 )

* Magnus, Duke of Östergötland ( 1542 – 1595 ), prince of Sweden, Duke of Östergötland

# Magnus ( 1542 – 1595 ), Duke of Västanstång ( western Östergötland ) and Count of Dal ( Dalsland ), mentally ill

In England, those executed after the passing of attainders include George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence ( 1478 ), Thomas Cromwell ( 1540 ), Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury ( 1540 ), Catherine Howard ( 1542 ), Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley ( 1549 ), Thomas Howard ( 1572 ), Thomas Wentworth ( 1641 ), Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud ( 1645 ), and the Duke of Monmouth.

Richmondshire's unification with the Principality of Wales and Kingdom of England into England and Wales was part of the same period as the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 – 1542, paralleled by the 1532 Union between Brittany and France, under Francis III, Duke of Brittany.

# François de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier ( 1542 – 1592 )-son of Louis

* Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox ( 1542 – 1583 ) was a relative and favourite of James VI

* Bianca de ' Medici ( 1536 – 1542 ), illegitimate daughter of Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

On 20 July 1546 Elector John Frederick I and Landgrave Philip I were placed under the Imperial ban, under the pretext that they had deposed the Catholic Duke Henry V of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1542.

He was created Viscount Lisle on 12 March 1542, and later rose to be Duke of Northumberland ; but he forfeited his titles upon his execution and attainder in 1553.

* Louise of Guise ( 10 January 1520, Bar-le-Duc – 18 October 1542 ), married Charles I, Duke of Arschot on 20 February 1541

Albert, former Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and first Duke of Prussia since 1525, had purchased a piece of land behind Königsberg Cathedral on the Kneiphof island of the Pregel River from the Samland chapter, where he had an academic gymnasium ( school ) erected in 1542.

In 1542 he expelled Duke Henry of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from his country to protect the Evangelical cities Goslar and Brunswick and introduced the Reformation there.

* John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania ( 1542 – 1600 )

In 1542, Duke Levan I Dadiani became hereditary Prince ( mtavari ) of Mingrelia and established himself as an independent ruler.

Thus he participated in the emperor's army in the war against the forces of the Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire ( 1542 ), Duke William of Jülich-Cleves-Berg ( 1543 ), and King Francis I of France ( 1544 ).

After being a monk for a short time he embraced the reformed religion and went to London, where, about 1542, he became chaplain to Henry Grey, afterwards Duke of Suffolk, the father of Lady Jane Grey.

Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox ( 1542 – 26 May 1583 ) was the son of John Stewart, 5th Lord of Aubigny who was the younger brother of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.

" Sowing wild oats " is a phrase used since at least the 16th century ; it appears in a 1542 tract by Thomas Beccon, a Protestant clergyman from Norfolk.

Queen Katherine was condemned by a bill of attainder and executed on 13 February 1542. Several other members of the Howard family were sent to the Tower, including Norfolk's stepmother, the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk.

Norfolk was appointed Lieutenant-General north of Trent on 29 January 1541, and Captain-General in a campaign against the Scots in August 1542.

From August until March 1542 he remained in Mozambique, having reached Goa, then capital of Portuguese India's on 6 May 1542, and also visiting Vasai.

He died at Rome on 1 February 1542.

In 1542, the king embarked on a new campaign in France, but unlike in 1512, he only managed with great difficulty.

The harp was adopted as a symbol of the Kingdom of Ireland on the coinage from 1542, and in the Royal Standard of King James ( VI of Scotland / I of England ) in 1603 and continued to feature on all English and United Kingdom Royal Standards ever since, though the styles of the harps depicted differed in some respects.

This proved to be too heavy a burden and late in 1542 the council allowed him to preach only once on Sunday.

After the death of Philip of the Palatinate, bishop of Naumburg-Zeitz, he was installed there on 20 January 1542, though in opposition to the chapter, by the Prince-elector of Saxony and Luther.

It is notable that decisions of Pope Alexander III, his successor, Pope Lucius III, and King Henry VIII in proclaiming the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 were predicated on this document.

A 3D model of how the Palace must have looked during Moctezuma's reign ; based on an illustration from Codex Mendoza ( 1542 )

She was accused of treason and was executed on 13 February 1542, destroying the English Catholic holdouts ' hopes of a national reconciliation with the Catholic Church.

Year 1542 ( MDXLII ) was a common year starting on Sunday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.

De Soto died in 1542 on the banks of the Mississippi River in Arkansas or Louisiana.

The resistance of the Indians became daily stronger, and as the ship that he had constructed in Aconcagua was also destroyed by the natives, Valdivia sent in 1542 overland to Peru his lieutenant Alonso de Monroy with five followers to seek reinforcements, but, on account of the disturbance in that country in consequence of the defeat of El Mozo Almagro by Cristóbal Vaca de Castro, Monroy could not obtain much aid, and returned in September 1543, with only seventy horsemen, also sending by sea a vessel with provisions and ammunition to the port of Aconcagua.

The third and last child of the union was a daughter Mary, who was born on 8 December 1542.

He became ill not long after, and died on 11 October 1542 around the age of 39, while staying with his friend Sir John Horsey at Clifton Maybank House in Dorset.

They reached the Negro River on June 3, 1542 and finally arrived on the Amazon River.

A skirmish with these warrior women allegedly occurred on 24 June 1542 while Orellana was approaching the Trombetus River, in the neighborhood of the Ilha Tupinambarama at the junction with the River Madeira.

In about 54 ° W they stopped for 18 days to repair the boats, and finally reached the open sea on 26 August 1542, and the boats were checked for seaworthiness.

The Victoria, carrying Orellana and Carvajal, passed south around Trinidad and was trapped in the Gulf of Paria for seven days, finally reaching Cubagua on 11 September 1542.

In one of the most improbably successful voyages in known history, Orellana managed to sail the length of the Amazon, arriving at the river's mouth on 24 August 1542.

Chumash people first encountered Europeans in the autumn of 1542, when two sailing vessels under Juan Cabrillo arrived on the coast from Mexico.

The first European to discover Monterey Bay was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo on November 16, 1542 while sailing northward along the coast on a Spanish naval expedition.