The Monarchomachs included jurists such as the Calvinists François Hotman ( 1524 – 1590 ), Théodore de Bèze ( 1519 – 1605 ), Simon Goulart ( 1543 – 1628 ), Nicolas Barnaud ( 1538 – 1604 ), Hubert Languet ( 1518 – 1581 ), Philippe de Mornay ( 1549 – 1623 ) and George Buchanan ( 1506 – 1582 ).

Francis Xavier reached Japan on 27 July 1549, with Anjiro and three other Jesuits, but he was not permitted to enter any port his ship arrived at until 15 August, when he went ashore at Kagoshima, the principal port of the province of Satsuma on the island of Kyūshū.

After studying at Bologna and acquiring a reputation as a jurist, he went in 1527 to Rome, and as the favourite of Pope Paul III was rapidly promoted to the governorship of several towns, the archbishopric of Ragusa, the vice-legateship of Bologna, and in April 1549, to the cardinalate.

The further development of the 1552 rite is described in the Article on The Book of Common Prayer and some rites such as the 1637 Scottish rite and the 1789 one in the United States of America went back to the 1549 model.

In 1549, Donald Monro, Dean of the Isles wrote of the " south part of Ywst " and went on:

At the age of twelve, he left the Low Countries with Ferrante Gonzaga and went to Mantua, Sicily, and later Milan ( from 1547 to 1549 ).

He obtained release from his monastic vows in 1549 and went to Paris.

His mother and maternal grandmother were both attached to the court of Marguerite of Navarre, on whose death in 1549 he went to Paris, and later ( 1555 ) to Poitiers, to finish his education.

Finally he went back to Ancona in 1549.

He went into England in July 1549, staying two nights at Naworth Castle.

In August 1549 Dudley went to Norfolk with his father and his younger brother Robert to fight against the rebel peasant army of Robert Kett.

The language went into decline following the introduction of the English Book of Common Prayer ( in 1549 ) and by around 1800 had ceased to be used as a community language, ( see main article for further discussion.

In 1543 he went on diplomatic business to the Netherlands, and for the next year or two he had much intercourse with the emperor Charles V He helped to conclude the Treaty of Ardres between England and France in 1546, and was resident ambassador in France from 1546 to 1549.

In 1549, he went to Wittenberg, where he studied for 2 years with Philip Melanchthon, one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation.

James Melville in 1549 went to France to become page to Mary, Queen of Scots.

Returning to Switzerland at the close of 1548, with commendatory letters to the Swiss churches from Nicolas Meyer, envoy from Wittenberg to Italy, we find him ( 1549 – 1550 ) at Geneva, Basel ( with Sebastian Münster ) and Zürich ( lodging with Konrad Pelikan ).

Because Wittenberg became too stressful, Flacius moved to Magdeburg in 1549.

In 1544, in spite of some opposition, he founded Königsberg University, where he appointed his friend Andreas Osiander to a professorship in 1549.

Here, Sigismund von Herberstein's 1549 map of Moscovia shows " Yugra from where the Hungarians originated " ( Iuhra inde ungaroru origo ), east of the Ob River.

From there it spread to England, where Henry VIII owned, in an inventory of 1549, an agate cup with a " fote and Couer of siluer and guilt enbossed with Rebeske worke ", and William Herne or Heron, Serjeant Painter from 1572 to 1580, was paid for painting Elizabeth I's barge with " rebeske work ".

In 1549, Bucer was exiled to England, where, under the guidance of Thomas Cranmer, he was able to influence the second revision of the Book of Common Prayer.

On 25 April 1549 Bucer, Fagius, and others arrived in London, where Cranmer received them with full honours.

He enjoyed immense popularity until the appearance of Joachim du Bellay's Défense et illustration ... in 1549, where Saint-Gelais was not excepted from the scorn poured on contemporary poets.

Despite initial hostilities, good relations between the Portuguese and Chinese would resume in 1549 with annual Portuguese trade missions to Shangchuan Island, following an event where the Portuguese helped Ming authorities eliminate coastal pirates.

By 1545 Eworth was resident in London, where he is well recorded ( under a wide variety of spellings ) from 1549.

From 1545 until 1549 he was probably choirmaster to Philippe de Croy, Duke of Aerschot, one of Charles V's greatest generals, where he preceded Nicolas Gombert.

Few details of his life are known until he is documented in Paris in 1549, where he was studying at the University of Paris ; in that year he also published a book of chansons.

An older name for the same crossroads, where the road from King's Norton to Harborne ( now represented by Oak Tree / Harborne Lanes ) met the Bromsgrove to Birmingham road ( now the Bristol Road ), appears to have been Selly Cross ; at least this is what it was called during the 16th century when it was recorded as Selley Crosse in 1549 and Selley Cross in 1506.

About 1549 he moved to Cologne, where, after a profound study of the points of difference between the Catholic and reformed churches, he devoted himself to the project of reunion, thus anticipating the efforts of Gottfried Leibniz.

At the end of the decade he served in northern France, where his father was in charge of Calais and in 1549 accompanied Paget's embassy to Brussels.

In 1549, Spanish explorers and settlers came across a fertile valley in the present-day state of Coahuila where they encountered native vines and founded the Mission of Santa María de las Parras or " Holy Mary of the Vines ".

Sometime in the 1540s he traveled to Paris, but, finding the position of lutenist to the king filled, he left for Jagiellon Poland in 1549, where he was employed as a court lutenist by Sigismund Augustus II.

For this offence, apparently, he was imprisoned in the Fleet, where he made his will on 9 April 1549.

In 1545, Pope Paul III sent him to the council of Trent where he attended meetings until 1549.

Duke Christopher called him to Montbéliard, where, in Jan., 1549, Brenz was notified of the death of his wife.

In Aug., 1549, he ventured to go to Urach, where his friend Isenmann was now minister, in order to take counsel with the duke, his advisers, and Matthaeus Alber, regarding the restoration of the evangelical divine service.

The golden idol appeared on Sigismund von Herberstein's map of Moscovia published on 1549, and on a number of later maps, e. g. Gerhard Mercator's " Map of the Arctic ( 1595 )", where it is labeled Zolotaia Baba ( from Russian Золотая баба-" Golden Lady " or " Golden Idol ").

The Roman Breviary has undergone several revisions: The most remarkable of these is that by Francis Quignonez, cardinal of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme ( 1536 ), which, though not accepted by Rome ( it was approved by Clement VII and Paul III, and permitted as a substitute for the unrevised Breviary, until Pius V in 1568 excluded it as too short and too modern, and issued a reformed edition ( Breviarium Pianum, Pian Breviary ) of the old Breviary ), formed the model for the still more thorough reform made in 1549 by the Church of England, whose daily morning and evening services are but a condensation and simplification of the Breviary offices.

The original book, published in 1549, in the reign of Edward VI, was a product of the English Reformation following the break with Rome.

The work of 1549 was the first prayer book to include the complete forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English.

The 1549 book was soon succeeded by a more reformed revision in 1552 under the same editorial hand, that of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Further developed, and fully translated into English, this Communion service was included, one year later, in 1549, in a full prayer book, set out with daily offices, readings for Sundays and Holy Days, the Communion Service, Public Baptism, of Confirmation, of Matrimony, The Visitation of the Sick, At a Burial and the Ordinal ( added in 1550 ).

Introduced on Whitsunday 1549, after considerable debate and revision in Parliament — but there is no evidence that it was ever submitted to either Convocation — it was said to have pleased neither reformers nor their opponents, indeed the Catholic Bishop Gardiner could say of it was that it " was patient of a catholic interpretation ".

The 1549 book was, from the outset, intended only as a temporary expedient, as Bucer was assured having met Cranmer for the first time in April 1549: ' concessions ... made both as a respect for antiquity and to the infirmity of the present age ' as he wrote.

The policy of incremental reform was now unveiled: more Roman Catholic practices were now excised, as doctrines had in 1549 been subtly changed.

The general pattern of Bible reading in 1549 was retained ( as it was in 1559 ) except that distinct Old and New Testament readings were now specified for Morning and Evening Prayer on certain feast days.

The book concerned was not, however, the 1559 book but very much that of 1549, the first book of Edward VI.

Between then and 1764, when a more formal revised version was published, a number of things happened which were to separate the Scottish Episcopal liturgy more firmly from either the English books of 1549 or 1559.

The Psalter, which had not been printed out in the 1549, 1552 or 1559 Books — was in 1662 provided in Miles Coverdale's translation from the Great Bible of 1538.

Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent ( at that time a free city of the Holy Roman Empire under a prince-bishop ), on December 13, 1545 ; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March, 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549.

There was also a Dance of Death painted in the 1540s on the walls of the cloister of St Paul's Cathedral, London with texts by John Lydgate, which was destroyed in 1549.

In January 1549, Seymour was arrested on suspicion of plotting to marry Elizabeth and overthrow his brother.

Seymour was beheaded on 20 March 1549.

According to a 1549 letters of F. Balthasar Gago in Goa, it was the only book that Francis read or studied.