King Philip, who became King of Spain in 1556, acknowledged the new political reality and cultivated Elizabeth.

Mary then married her cousin Philip, son of the emperor Charles V, and King of Spain when Charles abdicated in 1556.

* 1556 – Philip II becomes King of Spain.

This style, which had been in use since 1554, was replaced when Philip inherited the Spanish Crown in 1556 with " Philip and Mary, by the Grace of God King and Queen of England, Spain, France, both the Sicilies, Jerusalem and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Burgundy, Milan and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol ".

He had been a descendant of the Israelite tribe of Issachar ; he had been educated by his grandfathers, who had both been physicians to the court of Good King René of Provence ; he had attended Montpellier University in 1525 to gain his first degree: after returning there in 1529 he had successfully taken his medical doctorate ; he had gone on to lecture in the Medical Faculty there until his views became too unpopular ; he had supported the heliocentric view of the universe ; he had travelled to the north-east of France, where he had composed prophecies at the abbey of Orval ; in the course of his travels he had performed a variety of prodigies, including identifying a future Pope ; he had successfully cured the Plague at Aix-en-Provence and elsewhere ; he had engaged in scrying using either a magic mirror or a bowl of water ; he had been joined by his secretary Chavigny at Easter 1554 ; having published the first installment of his Propheties, he had been summoned by Queen Catherine de ' Medici to Paris in 1556 to discuss with her his prophecy at quatrain I. 35 that her husband King Henri II would be killed in a duel ; he had examined the royal children at Blois ; he had bequeathed to his son a ' lost book ' of his own prophetic paintings ; he had been buried standing up ; and he had been found, when dug up at the French Revolution, to be wearing a medallion bearing the exact date of his disinterment.

King John II Sigismund Zápolya | John Sigismund of Hungary with Suleiman in 1556.

After Charles V's abdication in 1556, his realms were divided between his son, Philip II of Habsburg, King of Spain, and his brother, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.

In 1556, Anagni became a battlefield in the conflict between Pope Paul IV and King Philip II of Spain, when it was besieged by the Spanish army under the Duke of Alba.

Finally, the Diet, meeting in Sebeş on March 12, 1556, swore again allegiance to " the son of King John ", thus the young king and his mother returned to Transylvania.

At the time of the Reformation it was acquired by King Henry VIII and came to be known as York House when he granted it to the Archbishop of York in 1556.

After initial reports by the Portuguese physician Amato Lusitano in 1556 and Lazarus de la Rivière ( physician to the King of France ) in 1658, it was the German physician and poet Paul Gottlieb Werlhof who in 1735 wrote the most complete initial report of the purpura of ITP.

In 1556, an Act of the Irish parliament created " King's County ", named after Philip, the then King of Ireland.

Around 1580, King John III of Sweden, who had previously ( 1556 – 63 ) been the Duke of Finland ( a royal duke ), assumed the subsidiary title Grand prince of Finland (, to the titles of the King of Sweden, first appearing is sources in 1581 ( though first used by John III 1577 ).

An extended Finland Proper was made a titular grand principality in 1581, when King John III of Sweden, who as a prince had been the Duke of Finland ( 1556 – 1561 / 63 ), extended the list of subsidiary titles of the Kings of Sweden considerably.

In c. 1556 the kings of the two provinces, King Say Setthathirath of Lan Xang and King Maha Chakkraphat of Ayutthaya, decided to build a great temple celebrating a pact of mutual respect and defense between the two kingdoms.

Maximilian rejected the claims of Charles ' cousin King Louis XI of France at the 1479 Battle of Guinegate and Hainaut became a part of the Habsburg Netherlands by the Treaty of Arras in 1482, and of the Spanish Netherlands from 1556.

Following a failed military attempt on Easter Sunday 1534, in which Matthys died, John of Leiden became King of Münster until its fall in June 1556.

In Spain, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor abdicated on 16 January 1556, whereupon Philip and Mary became King and Queen of Spain, which at the time held the Netherlands.

King Philip II ( r. 1556 – 1598 ) moved the Spanish court to Madrid in 1561.

It was officially registered by the Frenchman André Thevet in December 1555, and acknowledged by King Henri II as a French discovery in 1556.

Much of our knowledge of medieval mining techniques comes from books such as Biringuccio ’ s De la pirotechnia and probably most importantly from Georg Agricola's De re metallica ( 1556 ).

During Akbar ’ s reign ( 1556 – 1605 ) Hisar became once more a place of considerable importance.

CIP ’ s genebank holds 7180 varieties of potato, 8026 varieties of sweetpotato and 1556 varieties of Andean root and tuber crops.

Akbar, Babur ’ s grandson, who ruled from 1556 to 1605, organized the ‘ mansabdari ’ system in the 19th year of his rule.

Although in 1551 he wrote to William Cecil opposing Abingdon's bid for a borough charter, it seems likely that he assisted in securing that charter in 1556, earning him the effusive praise of Francis Little in A Monument of Christian Munificence ( 1627 ), as one ‘ whose memory deserves and ought to be honoured with a statue advanced in the most conspicuous place of this town ’ ( p. 47 ).

Its drainage basin is and has a mean discharge of 1190 m³ / s ( 1556 yd³ / s ).

* 1888 Merrimac article by William T. Davis on pages 1535 – 1556 in Volume II of the History of Essex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches, published by D. Hamilton Hurd in 1888.

Fitzwalter effected Queen Mary's policy for Ireland: the reversal of the partial attempts that had been made during the short reign of Edward VI to promote Protestantism there, the " plantation " by English settlers in the midlands and the shiring of King's County and Queen's County in 1556, named after Mary and her husband Philip.

The plantations of King's County ( now Offaly ) and Queen's County ( now Laois ) from 1556 and the failure of the two Desmond Rebellions ( 1569 – 1573 and 1579 – 1583 ) saw the Gaelic lands to the north, west and south of Roscrea increasingly fall into New English hands.

* County of the City of Lichfield ( 1556 )

* A Letter to the Queen Dowager, Regent of Scotland ( 1556 )

Within the churchyard of St John's is a memorial to the Stratford Martyrs, who were burned at the stake in 1556 during the reign of Queen Mary.

Under the Protestant persecutions of Queen Mary, Joan Waste was tried for heresy at the cathedral in 1556.

He published his Hymns, dedicated to Margaret de Valois, in 1555 ; the conclusion of the Amours, addressed to another heroine, in 1556 ; and then a collection of Œuvres completes, said to be due to the invitation of Mary Stuart, Queen of Francis II, in 1560 ; with Elégies, mascarades et bergeries in 1565.

After the accession of Queen Mary he was again appointed Lord Deputy in October 1553, but a charge of keeping false accounts caused him to be recalled for the third time in 1556.

A hunting accident — Francis had been appointed Grand Veneur of France in 1556 — had been planned, as Sir Nicholas Throckmorton informed Queen Elizabeth I of England in May 1560, but the plot was uncovered by one and his five co-conspirators fled.

James Forrester of Corstorphine ( son of the previously mentioned James Forrester ), husband of Janet Lauder, was confirmed by Mary, Queen of Scots, on 5 February 1556 in the Barony of Corstorphine.

Sir William Laxton founded his school known as Laxton Grammar School in 1556 ( the late Queen Mother having attended the school's fourth centenary celebrations in 1956 held at the original school building situated in the churchyard of St. Peter's Church, North Street, Oundle ).

He was lieutenant of Hampnes, in Picardy, from 1556 to 1558 ; and entertained Queen Elizabeth at Dudley Castle, 1575.

In 1556 Queen Mary I sold it to the 19th Earl of Arundel who completed it.

Between 1548 – 1556 the castle was the residence of Queen Bona Sforza, wife of Sigismund I the Old.

He was unpopular with the Puritans and was forced to resign his university offices in 1552, but was reappointed by Queen Mary I and was Dean of Windsor from 1553 to 1556.

Their children were Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, born 1545 at Temple Newsam, who married Mary, Queen of Scots ; and Charles Stewart, future Earl of Lennox, born in 1556 and died in 1576, who married Elizabeth Cavendish in 1574.

Tar-Telperiën ( S. A. 1320 – 1731, r. 1556 – 1731 ) was the tenth ruler and second Ruling Queen of Númenor.

In 1556 they went to Frankfurt in Germany to escape religious persecution under Queen Mary I, taking five of their children with them.

* 23 October 1556: Queen Isabella returns and takes back the reign of Transylvania, in the name of her son, the child John II Sigismund Zápolya

Later in 1556 a member of the parish, Agres George, part of the Stratford Martyrs, was out of favour with Queen Mary, for refusing to attend church until the service was no longer conducted in the Roman Catholic tradition.

James Forrester of Corstorphine ( son of the previously mentioned James Forrester ), husband of Janet Lauder, was confirmed by Mary, Queen of Scots, on 5 February 1556 in the Barony of Corstorphine.

Returning to England towards the close of Queen Mary's reign, he was invested in 1556 by his mother's uncle, Cuthbert Tunstall, bishop of Durham, with the archdeaconry of Durham, to which the rectory of Easington was annexed.

Sir John Giffard, who died in 1556, during the reign of Mary I of England | Queen Mary, when Catholicism was temporarily restored.