As a poet, St. Aldegonde is mainly known through his metrical translation of the Psalms ( 1580 / 1591 ); and, the Dutch national anthem Wilhelmus van Nassouwe is also ascribed to him.

The most important of these are: the Capuchins, founded in 1525 by Matteo Bassi and established in 1619 by Paul V as a separate order ; the Discalced Franciscans, founded as a specially strict Observantist congregation at Belalcázar in Spain by Juan de Puebla toward the end of the 15th century, compelled by Leo X to unite with the regular Observantists, but soon afterward reestablished as an independent branch by Juan de Guadelupe ( d. 1580 ), and subsequently obtaining some importance in Spain and Portugal ; the Alcantarines, a very strict congregation founded in 1540 by Peter of Alcántara, and distinguished by remarkable achievements in the mission field ; the Italian Riformati, founded about 1525 near Rieti by two Spanish Observantists, and becoming comparatively widespread from the beginning of the 17th century through the favour of Pope Clement VIII and Pope Urban VIII ; the French Recollects, originating in Cluys in 1570 and, more successfully at Rabastens in 1583, formed into a distinct congregation by Clement VIII in 1602, and important in later missionary history, especially in Canada ; the German-Belgian Recollects, formed in the 17th century, as the Observant provinces in Germany and Belgium accepted stricter statutes and took the name Recollects during and after the Thirty Years ' War.

1580 – 1650 ) of Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany published Holzsparkunst ( The Art of Saving Wood ), featuring a stove in which the fumes from a fire were forced to snake through five chambers, one above the other, before entering the chimney.

He did not find Drake, who had gone westward through the Pacific Ocean, but he explored the southern pacific coast of South America, passed the Magellan Strait from West to East for the second time, drawing precious maps of many points of the Strait, and, after an impressive sailing of the Atlantic Ocean from SouthWest to NorthEast, a first-time too, he reached Spain in late 1580.

Mary Kałamajska Saeed in her 1990 thesis argued that Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn was a work of a local artist and was inspired by contemporary Flemish mannerist painter Marten de Vos through an engraving of Thomas de Leu ( 1580 ).

In 1624, through the initiative of Aedh Buidh Mac-An-Bhaird ( 1580 – 1635 ), warden of the college, and himself a famous Irish historian and poet, and one of an old family of hereditary bards in Tyrconnell, he began to collect Irish manuscripts and to transcribe everything he could find of historical importance.

His aged uncle Henry ruled until he died in 1580.

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

Leaving his deputy Sir Samuel Argall ( circa 1580 – circa 1626 ) in charge, Lord De La Warr returned to England and published a book about Virginia, The Relation of the Right Honourable the Lord De-La-Warre, of the Colonie, Planted in Virginia, in 1611.

John Smith was baptised on 6 January 1580 at Willoughby near Alford, Lincolnshire, where his parents rented a farm from Lord Willoughby.

In 1580, he enlisted troops in England and led them to the rebellious province of Munster ; but the new lord deputy, Lord Grey, quickly recalled him to the Pale to help put down the rebellion that had broken out in the vicinity of Dublin.

** Gerald FitzGerald, Lord Garratt or Offaly ( 1559 – 1580 ), eldest son of the 11th Earl, predeceased his father without male issue

He married twice, first Elizabeth Brydges, daughter of Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos and of his wife Lady Anne Stanley ( 1580 – 1647 ), who married the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven after Lord Chandos ' death.

On 31 December 1580, an associate of Lennox, James Stuart, Earl of Arran, son of Lord Ochiltree and brother-in-law of John Knox, had the daring to accuse Morton at a meeting of the council in Holyrood of complicity in the murder of Darnley, and he was at once committed to custody in Holyroodhouse and taken to Dumbarton Castle in the Lennox heartland.

It subsequently transferred to the de Keuton family, who sold the estate on to former Lord Mayor of London Sir William Hewet in 1580.

A Title Royal was submitted to Queen Elizabeth in 1580 which stated that " The Lord Madoc, sonne to Owen Gwynned, Prince of Gwynedd, led a Colonie and inhabited in Terra Florida or thereabouts " in 1170.

was Speaker of the House of Commons from 1580 to 1583, Attorney General from 1 June 1581 to 1592 and Lord Chief Justice of England from 2 June 1592 to June 1607.

Lord Doune's son, another James ( c. 1565 – 1592 ), married Elizabeth Stuart, 2nd Countess of Moray around 1580, becoming Earl of Moray himself.

In 1580 the abbey estates were granted to Lord Ruthven, later the Earl of Gowrie, who held estates around what is now called Huntingtower Castle.

Through Lord Burghley he obtained, in 1580, the post of secretary to the new Lord Deputy of Ireland, Lord Grey de Wilton, and thus became a fellow worker with the poet, Edmund Spenser.

The residents had used the marble columns and structures as support beams and roofs for their improvised houses, a usual way of rebuilding towns that were partially or totally destroyed, especially after the earthquake in 1580, which demolished several towns in Phocis.

She knighted Francis Drake after his circumnavigation of the globe from 1577 to 1580, and he won fame for his raids on Spanish ports and fleets.

In the summer of 1580, Gabriel Harvey, apparently motivated by a desire to ingratiate himself with Leicester, satirized Oxford's love for things Italian in verses entitled Speculum Tuscanismi in Three Proper and Witty Familiar Letters.

But just as quickly, late in 1580 he denounced a group of Catholics, among them Charles Arundel, Francis Southwell and Henry Howard, for treasonous activities and asking the Queen's mercy for his own, now repudiated, Catholicism.

In June 1580 he purchased a tenement and seven acres of land near Aldgate in London from the Italian merchant Benedict Spinola for £ 2, 500.

The decade of the 1570s was difficult for him personally: he lost his brother, two of his sons, and his wife in three separate outbreaks of the plague ( 1572, 1575, and 1580, respectively ).

Mysteriously, Munisai's tomb says he died in 1580, which obviously conflicts with the accepted birth date of 1584 for Musashi.

* Charles I of Gonzaga-Nevers ( 1580 – 1637 ), Duke of Nevers and Mantua ( claim for the later supported by France )

From there it spread to England, where Henry VIII owned, in an inventory of 1549, an agate cup with a " fote and Couer of siluer and guilt enbossed with Rebeske worke ", and William Herne or Heron, Serjeant Painter from 1572 to 1580, was paid for painting Elizabeth I's barge with " rebeske work ".

In his famous essay " Of Cannibals " ( 1580 ), Michel de Montaigne, himself a Catholic, reported that the Tupinambá people of Brazil ceremoniously eat the bodies of their dead enemies as a matter of honor, but he reminded his readers that Europeans behave even more barbarously when they burn each other alive for disagreeing about religion ( he implies ): " One calls ' barbarism ' whatever he is not accustomed to.

In 1580, the poorest citizens could purchase admittance to the Curtain or the Theatre for a penny ; in 1640, their counterparts could gain admittance to the Globe, the Cockpit, or the Red Bull — for exactly the same price.

In addition, as Portugal had been united with the Spanish crown, with which the Dutch Republic was at war in 1580, the Portuguese Empire became an appropriate target for Dutch military incursions.

In 1580, Minuit's family took refuge in the city of Wesel, which had become a haven for Protestants as early as 1540.

Due to these problems he was permitted to leave Poland in 1580, when he met the Scottish king for the first time.

Other possible sources are the anonymous play King Leir ( published in 1605 ); A Mirror for Magistrates ( 1574 ), by John Higgins ; The Malcontent ( 1604 ), by John Marston ; The London Prodigal ( 1605 ); Arcadia ( 1580 – 1590 ), by Sir Philip Sidney, from which Shakespeare took the main outline of the Gloucester subplot ; Montaigne's Essays, which were translated into English by John Florio in 1603 ; An Historical Description of Iland of Britaine, by William Harrison ; Remaines Concerning Britaine, by William Camden ( 1606 ); Albion's England, by William Warner, ( 1589 ); and A Declaration of egregious Popish Impostures, by Samuel Harsnett ( 1603 ), which provided some of the language used by Edgar while he feigns madness.

Around the same time Mary was removed from his custody, Shrewsbury and Bess separated for good — they had been apart off-and-on since about 1580, and even Queen Elizabeth had tried to get them to reconcile.

The Catholic funeral of the first ( and for a long period last ) archbishop of Utrecht in 1580 remained one of the last public exercises of Catholic worship in the city of Utrecht for the next three hundred years.

Later, in his Apology ( 1580 ), William stated that his resolve to oppose the King's policies had originated in June 1559, when, during a hunting trip to the Bois de Vincennes together with the duke of Alva and King Henry II of France, to whom both had been sent as hostages to ensure the proper fulfilment of the conditions of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis following the Hispano-French war, the latter two had openly discussed a secret understanding between Philip and Henry which aimed at the extermination of the Protestants in both France and the Netherlands ; William at that time had kept silent, but had decided for himself that he would not allow the slaughter of so many innocent subjects.

Although the original lease was for a duration of 18 years, it was renewed in 1580 for 10 years and in 1589 for an additional 18 years.

A radical Puritan in a time of religious conflict, Cherke held his post for only a short time before being replaced by a Thomas Crooke in 1580.

This date, however, is uncertain, because the church records from 1577 – 80 are missing and Sweelinck can only be traced in Oude Kerk from 1580 onwards ; he occupied the post for the rest of his life.

* Frans Hals ( Dutch, 1580 – 1666 ) One of the greatest post Renaissance portraits