Although anthems were written in the Elizabethan period by Tallis ( 1505 – 1585 ), Byrd ( 1539 – 1623 ), and others, they are not mentioned in the Book of Common Prayer until 1662, when the famous rubric " In quires and places where they sing here followeth the Anthem " first appears.

The replies, known as "," were written between 1579 and 1585 and were returned to the Cronista Mayor in Spain by the Council of the Indies.

Later, under the Ottoman Turks, they were severely attacked at Ayn-Ṣawfar in 1585 after the Ottomans claimed that they assaulted their caravans near Tripoli.

In 1585 the poems were burned on the orders of the Inquisition, for allegedly ' obscene ' content.

Maps of France, Germany and the Netherlands were added in 1585 and of the Balkans and Greece in 1588 ; further maps were published by Mercator's son Rumold Mercator in 1595 after the death of his father.

They were guided by the Portuguese navigator Simon Fernandez, the same pilot who had led the 1585 expedition and who was given by his fellow sailors the unhappy nickname of " the swine ".

The southern provinces, Flanders, Brabant, Namur, Hainaut, Luxembourg and the others, were restored to Spanish rule due to the military and political talent of the Duke of Parma, especially at the Siege of Antwerp ( 1584 – 1585 ).

Although the treaty's Santo Thome island has not been identified, its " Islas de las Velas " ( Islands of the Sails ) appear in a 1585 Spanish history of China, on the 1594 world map of Petrus Plancius, on an anonymous map of the Moluccas in the 1598 London edition of Linschoten, and on the 1607 world map of Petro Kærio, identified as a north-south chain of islands in the northwest Pacific, which were also called the " Islas de los Ladrones " ( Islands of the Thieves ) during that period.

In 1585, Sir Walter Raleigh's colony, in their ship the Tiger, in search of Roanoke Island collided with a sand bar in Ocracoke Inlet and were forced to land on the island for repairs.

Similar institutions were often established for other arts: Rome had the Accademia di Santa Cecilia for music from 1585 ; Paris had the Académie Royale de Musique from 1669 and the Académie d ' architecture from 1671.

However, it was not until the threat of invasion by the forces of Spain in 1585 that lieutenants were appointed to all counties and counties corporate and became in effect permanent.

The issue of religious and political rivalry continued during the two Desmond Rebellions ( 1569 – 83 ) and the Nine Years ' War ( 1594 – 1603 ), both of which overlapped with the Anglo-Spanish War ( 1585 – 1604 ), during which some rebellious Irish nobles were helped by the Papacy and by Elizabeth's arch-enemy Philip II of Spain.

Under the terms of surrender of Antwerp in 1585 the Protestant population ( if unwilling to reconvert ) were given two years to settle their affairs before leaving the city and Habsburg territory.

For example, on March 12, 2009 there were 8 minor planet occulations, including ( 85 ) Io, ( 247 ) Eukrate, ( 1585 ) Union, ( 201 ) Penelope, ( 70 ) Panopaea, ( 980 ) Anacostia, ( 2448 ) Sholokhov, ( 1746 ) Brouwer, and ( 191 ) Kolga.

As a result, Portugal and England were on opposite sides of the Anglo-Spanish War ( 1585 – 1604 ) and the Dutch-Portuguese War.

1585 to 1586 were especially disastrous, with not only war, but famine and the plague.

His works were very numerous, beginning with his De gradibus cognationis ( 1546 ), and including a treatise on the Eucharist ( 1566 ); a treatise ( Anti-Tribonian, 1567 ) to show that French law could not be based on Justinian ; a life of Coligny ( 1575 ); a polemic ( Brutum fulmen, 1585 ) directed against a bull of Sixtus V, with many other works on law, history, politics, and classical learning.

The Imperial complex was abandoned in 1585, shortly after its completion, due to paucity of water and its proximity with the Rajputana areas in the North-West, which were increasingly in turmoil.

The ancestors of today's Bonan people were Lamaist, and it is known that around 1585 they lived in Tongren County ( in Amdo Region ; presently, in Qinghai Province ), north of the Tibetan Rebgong Monastery.

Arches were also built for dynastic weddings ; when Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy married Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain in 1585, he processed under temporary triumphal arches that asserted the antiquity of the House of Savoy and associated his dynasty, through the art and architecture of the arches, with the imperial Roman past.

Rothmann argued from the observations of the comet of 1585 that the lack of observed parallax indicated that the Comet was beyond Saturn, while the absence of observed refraction indicated the celestial region was of the same material as air, hence there were no planetary spheres.

There had already been a less formally instituted cardinal committee concerned with propaganda fide since the time of Pope Gregory XIII ( 1572 – 1585 ), who were especially charged with promoting the union with Rome of the long-established eastern Christian communities: Slavs, Greeks, Syrians, Egyptians, and Abyssinians.

* 1585 – The expedition organised by Sir Walter Raleigh departs England for Roanoke Island ( now in North Carolina ) to establish the Roanoke Colony.

The first recorded shipment of chocolate to Europe for commercial purposes was in a shipment from Veracruz to Sevilla in 1585.

Meanwhile, Sir Francis Drake had undertaken a major voyage against Spanish ports and ships to the Caribbean in 1585 and 1586, and in 1587 had made a successful raid on Cadiz, destroying the Spanish fleet of war ships intended for the Enterprise of England: Philip II had decided to take the war to England.

To the dismay of Catholic Europe, England exported tin and lead ( for cannon-casting ) and ammunitions to the Ottoman Empire, and Elizabeth seriously discussed joint military operations with Murad III during the outbreak of war with Spain in 1585, as Francis Walsingham was lobbying for a direct Ottoman military involvement against the common Spanish enemy.

Over time it became clear these privileges would be open to abuse and when in 1620 the Huguenots proclaimed a constitution for the ' Republic of the Reformed Churches of France ', the Prime Minister Cardinal Richelieu ( 1585 – 1642 ) invoked the entire powers of the state.

To the dismay of Catholic Europe, England exported tin and lead ( for cannon-casting ) and ammunitions to the Ottoman Empire, and Elizabeth seriously discussed joint military operations with Murad III during the outbreak of war with Spain in 1585, as Francis Walsingham was lobbying for a direct Ottoman military involvement against the common Spanish enemy.

The rise of Protestantism led to major divisions within Western Christianity, which still persist, and wars — for example, the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585 – 1604 had religious as well as economic causes.

Pope Sixtus V ( 1585 – 1590 ) planned to turn the building into a wool factory to provide employment for Rome's prostitutes, though this proposal fell through with his premature death.

By 1585 – 6 these missionaries had set up a secret, but highly effective, underground system for the transport and support of priests arriving from the Continent.

From 1585 the title couldn't be taken away unless treachery was proven, thus most Hetmans served for life, as illustrated by the case of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz literally commanding the army from his deathbed.

Partly to provide a pretext for such hostilities against Spain, Elizabeth assisted the Dutch Revolt by signing in 1585 the Treaty of Nonsuch with the new Dutch state of the United Provinces.

After this city fell back under Spanish control in 1585 the Dutch Republic took control of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, a strip of land on the left shore, and closed the Scheldt for shipping.

Roanoke Island has been known in European-American history for its significance as the site of Sir Walter Raleigh's planting of an English settlement with his Roanoke Colony in 1585 and 1587.

Everything would be all right if only William would then consent to an equitable peace, including paying the English ten million guilders for their efforts, paying a yearly sum of ₤ 10, 000 for the North Sea herring rights and reinstating the clauses of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch about Brill, Sluys and Flushing being English securities.

The county is probably named for Sir Richard Grenville, leader of the settlement on Roanoke Island, 1585.

In August 1585, Brielle was one of the four Dutch towns that became an English possession by the Treaty of Nonsuch when Queen Elizabeth I received it as security of payment for 5000 soldiers used by the Dutch in their struggle against the Spanish.

From 1574 to 1585 King Frederick II had the medieval fortress radically transformed into a magnificent Renaissance castle.

Impostors claimed to be King Sebastian in 1584, 1585, 1595 and 1598.

* Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel ( 1585 – 1646 ), prominent English courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I

Called to Spain by the King in 1585, he was detained in Mexico, where he dedicated himself to studies of the country and people ; returning to Europe, he filled the chair of theology at the Roman college in 1594, as well as other important positions.

Recalled to Rome in 1585, he was professed there 7 May 1587 and sent to Spain at the close of 1588, to conciliate King Philip, who was offended with Father Acquaviva.

Henry of Navarre, at Rohan's instigation, addressed two letters to King Henry III of France on March 3 and April 26, 1585, in an attempt to obtain Vieta's restoration to his former office ; he failed.

He was admitted to the Privy Council of King Henry in December 1585.

Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel KG, ( 7 July 1585 – 4 October 1646 ) was a prominent English courtier during the reigns of King James I and King Charles I, but he made his name as a Grand Tourist and art collector rather than as a politician.

Also as the Anglo – Spanish War ( 1585 ) had ended in 1604, King Philip III of Spain wanted to preserve the recent peace with England under its new Stuart dynasty.

The theatre was inaugurated on March 3, 1585, with a production of Sophocles ' Oedipus the King.

In the time of Habsburg rule ( 1580-1640 ), impostors claimed to be King Sebastian in 1584, 1585, 1595 and 1598.

Henry of Navarre, leader of the Protestant party, who later became King Henry IV of France, stayed in Castres in 1585.

In 1585, Roman Catholic Spain ruled by King Philip II ( Jordi Molla ) is the most powerful country in Europe.

The Luba Kingdom arose out of the Upemba culture and was founded by King Kongolo around 1585.

* Tadhg mac Diarmata, 1576 – 1585, last de facto King of Moylurg.

Hans ( Johannes ) Stuart ( d. 1618 ) obtained a letter of descent in Edinburgh in 1579 and a letter of arms at Holyrood Castle in Edinburgh from King James VI of Scotland in 1585.

The Titles was created by King Charles II in 1650 for the soldier Thomas Preston ( 1585 – 1655 ).

That same year, with Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, he became the Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire as well as serving as Lord High Admiral under King Edward VI from 1550 to 1553, and again from 1559 to 1585, and as Privy Counsellor from 1550 to 1553, briefly serving as an envoy to France in 1551.

Szymon Starowolski ( 1585 – 1650 Jesuit scholar ) justified the closing of Protestant schools ( in 1638 and 1640 ), and Protestant centers and printing presses ( in 1638, the press at Raków ), as the " duty of good pastors " and as a legitimate act of the King and the Republic.

For most of 1585, Botero was in Paris, discussing affairs of the day, and perhaps overhearing the conspiratorial debate on whether the pope would grant license for the French Duke of Guise, assisted by the Duke of Savoy and Philip II of Spain, to kill the French King, so they could then launch a massive offensive against the French and Swiss Calvinists.

There have been many impostors who claimed to be King Sebastian, variously in 1584, 1585, 1595, and 1598.

Duarte Lopes, ambassador from Kongo to the Holy See in Rome in 1585, related that " Loango is a friend of the King of Congo and it is said that he was a vassal in past times " which is consistent with Loango's origins from Kakongo, a vassal of Kongo.