In August 1637, Anne came under so much suspicion that Richelieu forced her to sign covenants regarding her correspondence, which was henceforth open to inspection.

* 1637 – Eighty Years ' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by 6 warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.

* 1628 – 1637 destroyed by Spanish

He achieved two victories against the Spanish: In 1636 in the Battle of Tornavento and on September 8, 1637 in the battle of Mombaldone.

Military action for Thomas is not recorded in 1637, but in this year, when his brother-in-law Soissons fled from France after his failed conspiracy against Cardinal Richelieu, he acted as intermediary between Soissons and the Spanish in negotiations which led to a formal alliance between the count and Philip IV of Spain concluded 28 June 1637-although within a month Soissons had reconciled with France!

* 1637, L. Carduchi ( Spanish )

Diego Aduarte ( 1570 – 1637 ; born in Zaragoza ) was a Spanish historian.

Northumberland was less enthusiastic about his second expedition as admiral, which was to transport Spanish money to the Netherlands in 1637.

Pierre Vernier ( 19 August 1580 at Ornans, Franche-Comté, Spanish Habsburgs ( now France ) – 14 September 1637 same location ) was a French mathematician and instrument inventor.

The local nobleman had the privilege of raising a standing army, which drove away a fleet of Spanish galleons in 1637.

* June 15, 1637: The Tropéziens get around 21 Spanish galleys.

Formerly, the Flemish chapel was used separately by the Spanish kings and queens ( who also ruled parts of the Low Countries in the 16th century ) through the reigns of Charles V, Philip II, Philip III, and Philip IV, until 1637, when it was merged into the capilla real española.

In 1637, the Spanish rebuilt the fort using stone and raised the walls ' height to twenty feet or more.

Hudson's second trip across the Channel occurred in 1637, at age 18, when a group of courtiers travelled to the Netherlands to observe the siege of Breda, as the Dutch were attempting to expel the Spanish army.

On October 10, 1637, however, Breda was recaptured again after a 10 month siege by the Prince of Orange after being under Spanish control for 12 years.

In 1637 he opened his government guidelines quite different from those of the Portuguese colonists, declaring " Freedom of Religion and Trade ".

After the invasion of Portuguese Brazil by a WIC amphibious force in 1630, the extent of New Holland, as the colony was called, grew gradually, especially under its governor-general Johan Maurits of Nassau-Siegen, in the period 1637 – 1644.

Beginning in 1637 with the conquest of Portuguese Elmina Castle, the WIC gained control of the Gulf of Guinea area on the African coast, and with it of the hub of the slave trade to the Americas.

In order to supply the plantations with the manpower they required, a successful expedition was launched in 1637 from Brazil to capture the Portuguese slaving post of Elmina, and in 1641 successfully captured the Portuguese settlements in Angola.

The Dutch seized the fort from the Portuguese in 1637, and took over all the Portuguese Gold Coast in 1642.

Pedro Teixeira ( died 4 July 1641 ) was a Portuguese explorer who became, in 1637, the first European to travel up the entire length of the Amazon River.

In 1637, two Franciscan friars, under threats from nearby natives, abandoned their mission on the Amazon River and, with six soldiers, paddled a canoe up the entire length of the river to the principal Portuguese settlement of Fort Presépio.

* Pedro Teixeira ( born in Cantanhede, unknown date, died 1640 ), a Portuguese explorer commissioned by the Portuguese governor of Maranhão, in current-day Brazil, to explore the Amazon in 1637.

The Shimabara Rebellion of 1637 – 38, in which discontented Catholic Christian samurai and peasants rebelled against the bakufu — and Edo called in Dutch ships to bombard the rebel stronghold — marked the end of the Christian movement, although some Catholic Christians survived by going underground, the so-called Kakure Kirishitan.

1600 – 29 September 1637 ), also known as Laurentius Ruiz de Manila or San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila, is the first Filipino saint ( protomartyr ) venerated in the Roman Catholic Church.

The chapel used to contain some of the most sacred Christian relics in Asia, including the remains of 26 foreign and Japanese Catholic priests who were crucified in Nagasaki in 1597, as well as those of some of the Japanese Christians who were killed during the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637.

From 1637 on, Frang Bardhi submitted reports in Italian and Latin to the Congregation of the Propaganda Fide in Rome which contain a mine of information about his diocese, about political developments, about Albanian customs and about the structure and position of the Catholic Church in Ottoman-occupied Albania.

Differences of opinion among the Christian missionaries who had been in Japan for nearly a century helped to bring about the exclusionist policy which at around 1637, closed Japan to all foreign interaction.

The was an uprising in southwestern Japan in 1637 – 1638 during the Edo period.

Category: 1637 in Japan

* Lorenzo Ruiz ( 1600 – 1637 ), Chinese-Filipino among the 16 Martyrs of Japan

The result was that the House of Lords in England, after several days ' hearing, reversed the decree made in 1637, thus finally and solemnly declaring that Charles I, Strafford, and their respective councils had been wrong throughout.

A Puritan minister named John Davenport led his flock from exile in the Netherlands back to England and finally to America in the spring of 1637.

The duchy was finally dissolved after Bogislaw's death in 1637.

In 1637 Breda was recaptured by Frederick Henry of Orange after a four-month siege, and in 1648 it was finally ceded to the Dutch Republic by the Treaty of Westphalia.

Secret exchanges of correspondence with Spain carried out by Anne of Austria were unmasked in 1637, requiring de Chevreuse to flee to Spain, then to England and finally to Flanders.

Employed as a draftsman he travelled with Arundel to Vienna and Prague, and finally in 1637 returned with him to England where he remained in the Earl's household for many years.

On 17 March 1649 a French expedition of 203 men from Martinique, led by Jacques Dyel du Parquet who had been the Governor of Martinique on behalf of the Compagnie des Iles de l ' Amerique ( Company of the Isles of America ) since 1637, landed at St. Georges Harbour and constructed a fortified settlement, which they named Fort Annunciation.

When the Pequot War loomed in 1637, Standish was appointed to a committee to raise a company of 30 men, but it was Holmes who led the company in the field.

In May 1637, captains John Underhill and John Mason led a retaliatory mission through Narragansett land along with their allies, the Narragansett and Mohegan, and struck the Pequot settlement in Mystic.

By 1632, Barebone had joined the semi-separatist congregation founded in 1616 by Henry Jacob, later to be led by John Lathrop and then, from 1637, by Henry Jessey.

In attempting to force the Scots to accept a new Prayer Book in 1637, Charles sparked a crisis that led to the compilation and subscription of the National Covenant in early 1638, a document which rejected all innovations in worship that had not been subject to the approval of both the Scottish Parliament and the General Assembly of the church.

When the revised Book of Common Prayer was used for the first time during worship on 23 July 1637 in St Giles ' Edinburgh, it set off a revolt which became so uncontainable that it led to the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, beginning with the Bishops Wars and developing into the English Civil War.

A series of crises and calamities led Calvert to quit the colony in 1629 for " some other warmer climate of this new world ", which turned out to be Maryland, though his family was to maintain agents to govern Avalon until 1637, when the entire island of Newfoundland was granted by charter to Sir David Kirke and James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton.

On Sunday 23 July 1637 efforts by King Charles I to impose Anglican services on the Church of Scotland led to the Book of Common Prayer revised for Scottish use being introduced in St Giles '.

The Shimabara Rebellion, led by a young Christian boy named Amakusa Shiro Tokisada, took place in 1637.

On 20 November 1637 he and others were ordered to deliver up all guns, pistols, swords, powder and shot because the " opinions and revelations of Mr. Wheelwright and Mrs. Hutchinson have seduced and led into dangerous errors many of the people here in New England.

The town was razed by Polish forces during the 1637 Cossack rebellion led by Pavlo Pavliuk.

* Jacques Marquette ( 1637 – 1675 ), French explorer, led first European expedition to the northern Mississippi River

The efforts of James VI, Charles I and Archbishop Laud proved fruitless ; in 1637 the reading of Laud's draft of a new form of service based on the English prayer book led to riots in Edinburgh and to general discontent in the country.

The earliest recorded event in Southport's history was " The Great Swamp Fight " or " Fairfield Swamp Fight " of July 1637 ( not to be confused with the later Great Swamp Fight of King Philip's War ), an episode of the Pequot War in which English colonial forces led by John Mason and Roger Ludlow vanquished a band of about 80 to 100 Pequot Indians who had earlier fled from their home territory in the Mystic area and had taken refuge with about 200 Sasqua Indians who inhabited the area that is now Fairfield.

The inventiveness of the traders led to insurance and retirement funds, along with much less benign phenomena as well, such as the boom-bust cycle, the world's first asset-inflation bubble, the tulip mania of 1636 – 1637, and according to Murray Sayle, the world's first bear raider – Isaac le Maire, who in 1607 forced prices down by dumping stock and then buying it back at a discount.