Originating about 1650 to 1700, it was sparked by philosophers Baruch Spinoza ( 1632 – 1677 ), John Locke ( 1632 – 1704 ), Pierre Bayle ( 1647 – 1706 ), physicist Isaac Newton ( 1643 – 1727 ), and philosopher Voltaire ( 1694 – 1778 ).

In 1647, the University of Bamberg was founded as Academia Bambergensis.

Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx ( 1567 – 1647 ).

Eugene's mother, Olympia Mancini, was one of Cardinal Mazarin's nieces whom he had brought to Paris from Rome in 1647 to further his, and to a lesser extent, their ambitions.

He was eventually handed over to the English Parliament in early 1647.

Nonetheless, a full dogmatic articulation of the canon was not made until the 1546 Council of Trent for Roman Catholicism, the 1563 Thirty-Nine Articles for the Church of England, the 1647 Westminster Confession of Faith for Calvinism, and the 1672 Synod of Jerusalem for Greek Orthodoxy.

The existing 27-book canon of the New Testament was reconfirmed ( for Roman Catholicism ) in the 16th century with the Council of Trent ( also called the Tridentine Council ) of 1546, the Thirty-Nine Articles of 1563 for the Church of England, the Westminster Confession of Faith of 1647 for Calvinism, and the Synod of Jerusalem of 1672 for Eastern Orthodoxy.

Peter Stuyvesant ( c. 1612 – August 1672 ), served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York.

In 1647, he was awarded a pension by the King of France.

A French translation of Principia Philosophiæ, prepared by Abbot Claude Picot, was published in 1647.

In Latin ; a French translation, probably done without Descartes's supervision, was published in 1647.

Thomas was the son of Col. Richard Lee II, Esq., " the scholar " ( 1647 – 1715 ) and Laetitia Corbin ( c. 1657 – 1706 ).

Cahir Castle in Ireland was besieged and captured three times: in 1599 by the Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex | Earl of Essex, in 1647 by Lord Inchiquin, and in 1650 by Oliver Cromwell.

This concept was first formulated in a slightly extended form by French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal in 1647 and became known as Pascal's Law.

Evangelista Torricelli ( 1607 – 1647 ) was best known for his invention of the barometer.

Denis Papin ( 1647 – 1712 ) was best known for his pioneering invention of the steam digester, the forerunner of the steam engine.

The term was used in a letter of 1 November 1647, and the 19th century historian S. R. Gardiner suggested that it existed as a nickname before this date.

This tract was a printing of a letter that had been read in the House of Lords on 11 November 1647.

Although George Thomason did not date this tract, the last date internal to the document was Saturday 13 November 1647, suggesting a publication date of 15 November 1647.

This was presented to the commander-in-chief, Sir Thomas Fairfax, on 18 October 1647.

The Corkbush Field rendezvous on November 17, 1647, was the first of three meetings to take place as agreed in the Putney Debates.

On January 20, 1649, a version of the " Agreement of the People " that had been drawn up in October 1647 for the Army Council and subsequently modified was presented to the House of Commons.

In 1646, Thomas Francis was put in command of the French expedition sent south to take the Tuscan forts, after which he was to advance further south to Naples, drive out the Spanish and put himself on the throne of the kingdom ; but the expedition set off late, and when he besieged Orbetello, the supporting French fleet was defeated by the Spanish and he was forced to raise the siege and conduct a difficult retreat, which he performed so poorly that Cardinal Mazarin subsequently despised his command ability, viewed him as incompetent, and declined to appoint him to the expedition that France sent to support the Naples revolt late in 1647 ( this did not stop Mazarin from considering him as a potential candidate for a French-backed King of Naples, though Paris was so slow to move on this that Henry II, Duke of Guise was adopted by the Neapolitans instead ).

In the 1647 campaign, Thomas Francis is mentioned as commanding alongside the French general in the forces sent across north Italy to work with the Duke of Modena Francesco I d ' Este who had just allied with France and opened up a ' second front ' against the Spaniards in Milan, though Mazarin confessed that he had appointed Thomas only because he feared that, if left behind in Piedmont, the Prince's restless spirit would make more trouble.

In 1646, Thomas was put in command of the French expedition sent south to take the Tuscan forts, after which he was to advance further south to Naples, drive out the Spanish and put himself on the throne of the kingdom ; but the expedition set off late, and when he besieged Orbetello, the supporting French fleet was defeated by the Spanish and he was forced to raise the siege and conduct a difficult retreat, which he performed so poorly that Cardinal Mazarin subsequently despised his command ability, viewed him as incompetent, and declined to appoint him to the expedition that France sent to support the Naples revolt late in 1647 ( this did not stop Mazarin from considering him as a potential candidate for a French-backed King of Naples, though Paris was so slow to move on this that Henry II, Duke of Guise was adopted by the Neapolitans instead ).

In the 1647 campaign, Thomas is mentioned as commanding alongside the French general in the forces sent across north Italy to work with the Duke of Modena Francesco I d ' Este who had just allied with France and opened up a ' second front ' against the Spaniards in Milan, though Mazarin confessed that he had appointed Thomas only because he feared that, if left behind in Piedmont, the Prince's restless spirit would make more trouble.

Early in August 1647 Lambert was sent by Fairfax as Major-General to take charge of the forces in the northern counties.

The Dutch in Luanda now sent Nzinga reinforcements, and with their help, Nzinga routed a Portuguese army in 1647.

Don John was sent in 1647 to Naples, then in the throes of the popular rising first led by Masaniello, with a naval squadron and a military force, to support the viceroy.

In 1647 De With was sent with a poorly equipped fleet to assist the Dutch colony of Brazil from attack by the Portuguese.

In 1647 Parliament passed an act against religious festivals, regarding them as " vain and superstitious observances " when the Mayor of Canterbury tried to enforce this act and stop Christmas there was a riot and John Hewson Regiment of Foot were sent to restore order which they did quickly.

They had sent Parliamentary forces to Ireland throughout the Wars of the Three Kingdoms ( most of them under Michael Jones in 1647 ).

At the age of fourteen he went to Paris to continue his studies ; and in May 1647 he was sent to Rome in the capacity of secretary in the embassy of the marquis de Fontenay-Mareuil.

She was born on 8 July 1647 in exile in Paris, but was sent to England in 1663 after the restoration by Charles I's widow Henrietta Maria to act as maid of honour at Charles II's wedding and subsequently as lady-in-waiting to his new bride, Catherine of Braganza.

He was one of the commissioners sent to treat with the King at Holmby House in 1647.

In December 1646 he was sent as ambassador extraordinary to the Hague, but the results of his embassy by no means corresponded to its costliness, and when he returned to Denmark in July 1647 he found the king profoundly irritated.

When pro-Royalist riots broke out in Kent in December 1647, Livesey was sent to quell them.

Nonetheless, full dogmatic articulations of the canon were not made until the Canon of Trent of 1546 for Roman Catholicism, the Thirty-Nine Articles of 1563 for the Church of England, the Westminster Confession of Faith of 1647 for Calvinism, and the Synod of Jerusalem of 1672 for the Greek Orthodox.

Its principal subordinate standard is The Westminster Confession of Faith ( 1647 ), although here liberty of opinion is granted on those matters ‘ which do not enter into the substance of the faith ’ ( Art.

The idea is further affirmed in the Westminster Confession of Faith of 1647 that " the visible Church.

In the emerging dispute between parliament and the army, Northumberland sided with the army, and in July 1647, Northumberland was one of nine peers who left Parliament for the army following riots around Westminster.

The Catechism was completed by the Westminster Assembly in 1647.

* Westminster Confession of Faith ( 1647 ), chapter 7, chapter 8, chapter 19 and chapter 27

* Westminster Confession of Faith ( 1647 )

* Westminster Shorter Catechism ( 1647 )

* Westminster Larger Catechism ( 1647 )

* The Westminster Confession of Faith in 1647 was the work of the Westminster Assembly of Divines and has commended itself to the Presbyterian Churches of all English-speaking peoples, and also in other languages.