Cuyp ( 1594 – 1651 / 52 ), he is especially known for his large views of the Dutch countryside in early morning or late afternoon light.

Sent on a mission by the Dutch East India Company, Engelbert Kaempfer ( 1651 – 1716 ), a German physician and botanist who lived in Japan from 1690 until 1692, ushered in this tradition of a combination of physician and botanist.

First printed in Amsterdam in 1650 it was translated to French in 1651, German in 1676, English and Dutch in 1729 and Polish in 1963.

By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony founded at the Cape of Good Hope.

* August 17 – Lennart Torstenson, Dutch soldier and military engineer ( d. 1651 )

On 13 August 1651 the Dutch Hoge Raad ( Supreme Court ) ruled that guardianship would be shared between his mother, his paternal grandmother and Frederick William, the Elector of Brandenburg, whose wife, Louise Henriette, was his father's eldest sister.

Over a hundred other Dutch ships were captured by English privateers between October 1651 and July 1652.

Early in 1651 Cromwell tried to ease tensions by sending a delegation to The Hague proposing that the Dutch Republic join the Commonwealth and the Dutch would assist the English in conquering most of Spanish America.

In order to protect its position in North America, in October 1651 the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England passed the first of the Navigation Acts, which mandated that all goods imported into England must be carried by English ships or vessels from the exporting countries, thus excluding ( mostly Dutch ) middlemen.

) ( Antwerp, 11 ( or 21 ) August 1583, – Amsterdam, 23 December 1651, ) was a Flemish / Dutch merchant and director of the Dutch West India Company from 1622 to 1629 and again from 1636 to 1642.

New Castle was originally settled by the Dutch West India Company in 1651, under the leadership of Peter Stuyvesant, on the site of a former aboriginal village, " Tomakonck " (" Place of the Beaver "), to assert their claim to the area based on a prior agreement with the aboriginal inhabitants of the area.

He was succeeded by Johan Rising, who upon his arrival in 1654, seized the Dutch post Fort Casimir, located at the site of the present town of New Castle, which was built by the Dutch in 1651.

After the arrival-organized by the Dutch merchant Samuel Blommaert ( 1583 – 1651 or 1654 )-of the first European settlers, the area became farmland.

The Dutch East India Company first acquired gold at Pariaman in 1651, but later moved south to Padang to avoid interference from the Acehnese occupiers.

In 1651 he volunteered to undertake the command of the initial Dutch settlement in the future South Africa.

Modernist republicanism openly influenced the foundation of republics during the Dutch Revolt ( 1568 – 1609 ), English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ), American Revolution ( 1775 – 1783 ), and the French Revolution ( 1789 – 1799 ).

The English Parliament had passed the first of the Navigation Acts in October 1651, aimed at hampering the shipping of the highly trade-dependent Dutch.

Perizonius ( or Accinctus ) was the name of Jakob Voorbroek ( October 26, 1651 – April 6, 1715 ), a Dutch classical scholar, who was born at Appingedam in Groningen.

With Cromwell fully in power, the Parliament passed the Navigation Act of 1651, requiring all goods destined to English ports to be transported by English ships, which severed part of the Dutch ability to trade, since they were cut off from all of England's colonies in the Americas and elsewhere.

In 1651, the Dutch under Peter Stuyvesant established Fort Casimir at present-day New Castle, only 7 mi ( 12 km ) south of Fort Christina, in order to menace the Swedish settlement.

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) provoked a number of examples of this genre, including works by Sir Edmund Ludlow and Sir John Reresby.

The Apothecary or The Chemist by Gabriël Metsu ( c. 1651 – 67 )

Finberg pointed out, however, that a document of 1651 refers to Tavistock's guildhall as Guilehall, so Guilebridge is more likely to be guild bridge, probably because it was built or maintained by one of the town guilds.

** Szigeti veszedelem, also known under the Latin title Obsidionis Szigetianae, a Hungarian epic by Miklós Zrínyi ( 1651 )

In his treatise Leviathan, ( 1651 ), Hobbes expresses a view of natural law as a precept, or general rule, found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do that which is destructive of his life, or takes away the means of preserving the same ; and to omit that by which he thinks it may best be preserved.

Both tribes were conquered and assimilated by their hostile eastern neighbors, the Iroquois Confederacy between A. D. 1651 and 1657, in what is referred to as part of the Beaver Wars.

Aspects of his work on the studies of anatomy, light and the landscape were assembled for publication by his pupil Francesco Melzi and eventually published as Treatise on Painting by Leonardo da Vinci in France and Italy in 1651 and Germany in 1724, with engravings based upon drawings by the Classical painter Nicholas Poussin.

The French Baroque school is exemplified by composers such as Ennemond Gaultier ( 1575 – 1651 ), Denis Gaultier ( 1597 / 1603 – 1672 ), François Dufaut ( before 1604 – before 1672 ) and many others.

This prompted foreign intervention by Duke Maximilian of Bavaria ( 1573 – 1651 ) on behalf of the Catholics.

" The Proscribed Royalist, 1651 ", a famous painting by John Everett Millais, depicted a Royalist fleeing from Cromwell's forces and hidden in an oak.

Although the Cossacks were defeated in 1651 in the battle of Beresteczko, Khmelnytsky sought help from Russian tsar, and by the Treaty of Pereyaslav Russia dominated and partially occupied the eastern lands of the Commonwealth since 1655.

With many of the Scots ( including Lord Argyll and other leading Covenanters ) refusing to participate, and with few English royalists joining the force as it moved south into England, the invasion ended in defeat at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, after which Charles eluded capture by hiding in the Royal Oak at Boscobel House.

The first recorded colored cloud was seen by Nathan Ingleton in 1651, he wrote the event in his diary but the records were destroyed in 1666, in the Great Fire of London.

An epigram by Samuel Sheppard, from Epigrams theological, philosophical, and romantick ( 1651 ) runs thus:

It is usually thought that the first such camp in the general area of today's Khabarovsk was the fortified winter camp named Achansk () or Achansky gorodok (), built by the Cossacks of Yerofey Khabarov in September 1651 after they had sailed to the area from the upper Amur.

During the civil wars of the 17th century the city played a pivotal role, besieged by Oliver Cromwell in 1651 and twice by the Williamites in the 1690s.

However, absolute monarchy, theorized by Hobbes in the Leviathan ( 1651 ), remained a dominant principle.

The Great Assembly of the States General, in the Great Hall of the Binnenhof ( painting by Dirck van Delen, 1651, formerly attributed to Bartholomeus van Bassen ).

The first recorded Seventh Day Baptist meeting was held at The Mill Yard Church in London in 1651 under the leadership of Dr. Peter Chamberlen.

John Maurice of Nassau, the Dutch commander in Brazil, unseated him, but John Maurice's leadership served in 1650 – 1651 to bring about a split in the Siegerland along denominational lines.

Peter Stuyvesant, Governor of New Netherland, sailed up the South River in 1651.

They sold it to John Temple of Burton Dasset in Warwickshire, whose grandson Sir Peter Temple, 2nd Baronet enclosed a deer park at Stowe in 1651.

In 1651, New Netherland Governor Peter Stuyvesant had removed Fort Nassau and had it reassembled down river of Fort Christina as Fort Casimir, effectively encircling the Swedish colony.

His first act was to cause the seizure of the Dutch Fort Casimir, which the Director-General of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, had erected just below Fort Christina ( near New Castle, Delaware ) in 1651.

Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina (; 1 September 1651 – 4 February 1694 ) was the Tsaritsa of Russia from 1671 – 1676 as the second spouse of Tsar Alexei I of Russia, and as such the mother of Tsar Peter I of Russia.

Peter Stuyvesant's House of Mirrors was founded in 1651 and he charged one Dutch gulden for admission.

In 1651, Henry Hodgetts, a farmer, of Sedgley was dying and his wife summoned an itinerant priest, Fr Peter Turner, SJ to gave him the last sacraments.