* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament.

Rather, the word blue was used in the 17th century as a disparaging reference to rigid moral codes and those who observed them, particularly in blue-stocking, a reference to Oliver Cromwell's supporters in the parliament of 1653.

The government during 1653 to 1659 is properly called The Protectorate, and took the form of direct personal rule by Oliver Cromwell and, after his death, his son Richard, as Lord Protector.

* 1653 – English Interregnum: The Protectorate – Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.

The English Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with, first, the Commonwealth of England ( 1649 – 53 ), and then with a Protectorate ( 1653 – 59 ), under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule.

The Commonwealth ( 1649 – 53 ) was founded on the execution of Charles I in 1649, and was followed by the two Protectorates of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653 – 58 ), and his son Richard Cromwell the first ( 1658 – 59 ).

Oliver Cromwell forcibly disbanded the Rump in 1653 when it seemed they might institute a purely representative form of Government and undermine his plan to install himself as dictator.

The Long Parliament which Oliver Cromwell had dispersed in 1653 was once more summoned to assemble, by a declaration from the council of officers dated on 6 May 1659.

It was held by Oliver Cromwell ( December 1653 – September 1658 ) and his son and designated successor Richard Cromwell ( September 1658 – May 1659 ) during what is now known as The Protectorate.

Nicholas Barbon was the eldest son of Praise-God Barebone ( or Barbon ), after whom the Barebone's Parliament of 1653 — the predecessor of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate — was named.

In July 1653 Barebone was returned to the Nominated Assembly, set up after the expulsion of the Rump Parliament by Oliver Cromwell.

Oliver Cromwell referred to the House of Commons mace as " a fool's bauble ", when he dissolved the Rump Parliament on 20 April 1653.

Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector.

During The Protectorate ( 1653 – 59 ), the republican heads of state Oliver Cromwell and Richard Cromwell, more clearly profiled as Protestant than the Monarchy, although claiming divine sanction, did not adopt the style " Defender of the Faith ".

The countries that now make up the United Kingdom, together with the present Republic of Ireland, were briefly ruled as a republic in the 17th century, first under the Commonwealth consisting of the Rump Parliament and the Council of State, ( 1649 – 53 ) and then under the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653 – 58 ).

Following the dissolution of the Rump in April 1653, Oliver Cromwell and the Army Council nominated Cooper to serve in Barebone's Parliament as member for Wiltshire.

When Richard Cromwell dissolved parliament on 22 April 1659 and recalled the Rump Parliament ( dissolved by Oliver Cromwell in 1653 ), Cooper attempted to revive his claim to sit as member for Downton.

The House of Lords was abolished and the purged House of Commons governed England until April 1653, when army chief Oliver Cromwell dissolved it following disagreements over religious policy and how to carry out elections to parliament.

File: Standard of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653 – 1659 ). svg | Standard of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653 – 1658 )

Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England from 1653 – 1658, who ordered the abolition of the monarchy and the sale of the crown jewels.

Two written constitutions were enacted during The Commonwealth of Oliver Cromwell, the Instrument of Government of 1653 and the Humble Petition and Advice of 1657 ; these were overridden by the Restoration of the crown in 1660.

( By 1653 Cromwell and the Army had largely eliminated these threats ).

Cromwell, aided by Thomas Harrison, forcibly dismissed the Rump on 20 April 1653, for reasons that are unclear.

A modified version of this proposal was accepted by Cromwell and the Council of Officers and less than a month after the dissolution of the Rump, during May 1653, letters in the name of the Lord-General and the Army Council were sent to Congregational churches in every county in England to nominate those they considered fit to take part in the new government.

Cromwell was given the title Lord Protector in 1653, making him ' king in all but name ' to his critics.

In 1653, however, Cromwell became Lord Protector, and the Council was reduced to between thirteen and twenty-one members, all elected by the Commons.

He still supported Cromwell and aided in the dissolution of the Rump Parliament in April 1653.

In October 1653 he was one of several ministers whom Cromwell summoned to a consultation as to church union.

In 1653, after learning that Parliament was attempting to stay in session despite an agreement to dissolve, and having failed to come up with a working constitution, Cromwell ’ s patience ran out.

In 1653 at the cessation of hostilities Cromwell awarded Blood land grants as payment for his service and appointed him a justice of the peace.

Ishbel Addyman claims that he was not a Gascogne aristocrat, but a descendant of Sardinian fishmonger, that the Bergerac appellation stemmed from a small estate near Paris where he was born, and not in Gascogne, that he suffered tertiary syphilis, and that around 1640 he became the lover of Charles Coypeau d ' Assoucy, a writer and musician, until around 1653, when they became engaged in a bitter rivalry.

Occupied by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years ' War, the city was granted to Brandenburg-Prussia after the Treaty of Westphalia ( 1648 ) and the Treaty of Stettin ( 1653 ), and with all of Farther Pomerania became part of the Brandenburgian Pomerania.

On May 28, 1653, Bennebroek split off from the Heemstede fiefdom and Adriaen Pauw ( 1622-1697 ), son of Adriaan Pauw, became its first feudal lord.

Robert Hooke was gradually recruited into the Wilkins group: he arrived at Christ Church, Oxford in 1653, working his way to an education, became assistant to Willis, and became known to Wilkins ( possibly via Richard Busby ) as a technician.

He spent a long period in Rome where he became friends with Karel Lot and the well-to-do Utrecht painter Joan vander Meer, who had travelled to Italy in the company of the marine painter Lieve Verschuier in 1653 and became friends with him there.

Moving the Custom House from Skien to Porsgrunn in 1653, added to the flourishing harbor activity and Porsgrunn became a thriving market town.

His titles were inherited by his only son, Christopher, Earl of Torrington ( 1653 – 1688 ), on whose death they became extinct.

The Peace of Westphalia ( 1648 ) brought little peace to France, which soon became involved in the civil war of the Fronde ( 1648 – 1653 ).

Although he was lost at sea in 1653 while traveling to England to purchase equipment for his mills, his family later became prominent as lumbermen, shipbuilders, merchants and statesmen.

In 1653 he became head of intelligence and developed a widespread network of spies in England and on the continent.

During the rebuilding of the town after the Great Fire of Marlborough in 1653 which destroyed almost the entire town, the high street became what is often claimed to be the widest in England though the actual widest is in Stockton-on-Tees.

After the death of the last Pomeranian Duke in 1637 and by the Treaty of Westphalia the town became part of the Brandenburg-Prussian province of Pomerania following the Peace of Westphalia ( 1648 ) and the Treaty of Stettin ( 1653 ), along within the rest of Farther Pomerania.

In 1653 Louis became the organist of Church Saint-Gervais: when he died, he was succeeded by Charles, Charles was succeeded by his son, and so on ; the Couperins occupied the position for 173 years.

On 9 April 1653 he became organist of the Parisian church of St. Gervais, where he was paid 400 livres a year, plus lodgings.

Lord Chichester had no sons and on his death in 1653 the baronetcy became extinct.

In 1653, he became disenchanted with Oliver Cromwell because he dissolved the Rump and on 12 February 1655 Grey joined the Fifth Monarchists.

In November 1652 Monck became a general at sea in the First Anglo-Dutch War, which was concluded with an English victory in the Battle of Scheveningen in August 1653, although a peace treaty was not signed for another eight months.

* Francis Yeardley ( 1620 – 1655 ), " Upon reaching manhood he became quite prominent in the affairs of Virginia, being for some time a colonel of militia and in 1653 a member of the House of Burgesses for Lower Norfolk.

When Cromwell became Lord Protector in 1653, Rushworth was promoted to Registrar of the Court of Admiralty.

Hoar, as he thenceforth called himself, graduated at Harvard College in 1650, and in 1653 returned to England, where he became a preacher.