This phenomenon was first observed by Christiaan Huygens in 1665.

The first tables for the equation of time which accounted for its annual variations in an essentially correct way were published in 1665 by Christiaan Huygens.

Based on this fact, many writers in the past and even the present have given Huygens the credit for inventing the modern form of spiral balance spring in 1675 rather than Hooke's earlier straight spring of 1665 because they considered that the spiral form automatically conferred the property of isochronism on the oscillating balance.

Christian Huygens published details of a heliocentric planetary machine in 1703, which he built while resident in Paris between 1665 and 1681.

The county was returned to the family of Orange-Nassau in 1665 and Huygens returned to the Netherlands.

The Huygens-Sybilla letters indicate that in 1665 Froberger travelled to Mainz, where he performed at the court of the Elector-Archbishop of Mainz and met Huygens in person for the first time ; and at a certain point in 1666 the composer had plans to return to the imperial court in Vienna.

In 1665, using an early microscope, Robert Hooke discovered cells, a term he coined, in cork, and a short time later in living plant tissue.

The first explicit description of iridological principles such as homolaterality ( without using the word iridology ) are found in Chiromatica Medica, a famous work published in 1665 and reprinted in 1670 and 1691 by Philippus Meyeus ( Philip Meyen von Coburg ).

* 1665 – Robert Hooke, using a microscope, observes cells

* 1665 — In his book Micrographia Robert Hooke compares petrified wood to wood, concludes that petrified wood formed from wood soaked in mineral rich water, and argues fossils like Ammonite shells, were produced the same way, sparking debate over the organic origin of fossils and the possibility of extinction.

Bargemen born in Ware were given the " freedom of the River Thames " — avoiding the requirement of paying lock dues — as a result of their transport of fresh water and food to London during The Great Plague of 1665 – 66.

Bargemen born in Ware were given the " freedom of the River Thames " — avoiding the requirement of paying lock dues — as a result of their transport of fresh water and food in during the great plague of 1665 – 66.

Seven children followed: Mary ( 1662 – 1694 ), James ( 1663 – 1667 ), Anne ( 1665 – 1714 ), Charles ( 1666 – 1667 ), Edgar ( 1667 – 1671 ) and two daughters, Henrietta ( 1669 – 1669 ) and Catherine ( 1671 – 1671 ); all of her sons and two of her daughters died in infancy.

Philip Christoph von Königsmarck or Philipp Christoph Königsmarck, ( Stade, 4 March 1665 – 2 July 1694, Hanover ) was a Swedish count of Brandenburgian extraction and a soldier.

Jean Talon ( 1626 – 1694 ) served as intendant of New France from 1665 to 1668 and 1670 to 1672.

Philip Christoph von Königsmarck ( 4 March 1665 – 2 July 1694 )

* date unknown – Carlo Giuseppe Testore, double bass maker ( born c. 1665 )

The first French departments, in the sense of territory, were proposed in 1665 by Marc-René d ' Argenson, and served as administrative areas purely for the Ponts et Chaussées (" Bridges and Highways ", the infrastructure administration ).

Smit returned from his fourth expedition in 1663 and formally proposed the settlement of St. Thomas to the king in April 1665.

During the parliamentary session of October 1665, Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet proposed that the use of funds voted to the crown should be restricted to the sole purpose of carrying on the war.

By the spring of 1666, the Dutch had rebuilt their fleet with much heavier ships — thirty of them possessing more cannon than any Dutch ship in early 1665 — and threatened to join with the French.

Around 1665, the followers of Shabbatai Zvi in İzmir interpreted the ships of Tarshish as Dutch ships that would transport them to the Holy Land.

Both were almost completely destroyed when on 21 September 1665, troops from Münster set fire to them.

This was his period of greatest activity, and he received numerous important commissions, among them the altarpieces for the Augustinian monastery, the paintings for Santa María la Blanca ( completed in 1665 ), and others.

In 1665 another English doctor Richard Lower successfully used blood transfusion between dogs to keep them alive.

However, the plague of 1665 forces them apart: Newton returns to his family manor and Daniel to the outskirts of London.

Although the Franciscans initially tolerated manifestations of the old religion as long as the Puebloans attended mass and maintained a public veneer of Catholicism, Fray Alonso de Posada ( in New Mexico 1656 – 1665 ) " forbade Kachina dances by the Pueblo Indians and ordered the missionaries to seize every mask, prayer stick, and effigy they could lay their hands on and burn them ...

By the spring of 1666, the Dutch had rebuilt their fleet with much heavier ships — thirty of them possessing more cannon than any Dutch ship in early 1665 — and threatened to join with the French.

As a further measure of economy, on 24 March the Duke of York had ordered the discharge of most of the crews of the prize vessels, leaving only three guard ships at the Medway ; in compensation the crew of one of them, the frigate Unity ( former Dutch Eendracht, the first ship to be captured in 1665, from the privateer Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest ) was raised from forty to sixty ; also the number of fireships was increased from one to three.

This was his period of greatest activity, and he received numerous important commissions, among them the altarpieces for the Augustinian monastery, the paintings for Santa María la Blanca ( completed in 1665 ), and others.

The earl petitioned the king that the class of occupants they both hoped to attract to the new district would not take houses without the prospect of eventually acquiring them outright, and in 1665 the king granted the freehold of the site of St. James's Square and some closely adjacent parts of the field to the earl's trustees.

He was hired by Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie as a tutor for his sons in 1660 and accompanied one of them on a foreign journey stretching from 1663 to 1665, visiting Copenhagen, the most important universities of Germany, and continuing to Paris, London, Oxford, and Leiden.

In his Life of St. Joseph Calasanctius, Tosetti gives a list of 54 who between 1615 and 1756 died edifying deaths, among them Blessed Peter Casani ( d. 1647 ), the first novice master of the Order ; the fourth superior general, Venerable Glicerius Landriani ( d. 1618 ); Cosimo Chiara ( d. 1688 ); Petrus Andreas Taccioni ( d. 1672 ); the lay brother Philip Bosio ( d. 1662 ); Antonio Muscia ( d. 1665 ); and Eusebius Amoretti ( d. 1685 ).

As records were not kept of the deaths of the very poor, the first recorded case was that of one Rebecca Andrews on 12 April 1665.

The Musical, a musical loosely based on the 1665 plague

In 1665 they established a French settlement on the mainland of Hispaniola opposite Tortuga at Port-de-Paix.

* 1665 – English King Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

The resulting Chapel was consecrated on St Matthew's Day, 1665, and the eastern end was extended by George Gilbert Scott in 1880, when it was consecrated on the Feast of the Annunciation.

In 1665, Stuyvesant went to the Netherlands to report on his term as governor.

During the battle on 25 October 1665 an estimated 20, 000 Kongolese fought against the Portuguese who won the battle thanks to the early death in battle of the Kongolese king António I.

In 1665 he almost quarrelled with his fellow-Platonist, Henry More, because the latter had written an ethical work which Cudworth feared would interfere with his own long-contemplated treatise on the same subject.

A short letter from Samuel Pepys to John Evelyn at the latter's home in Deptford, written by Pepys on 16 October 1665 and referring to ' prisoners ' and ' sick men ' during the Second Dutch War

In early 1665 the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War placed great pressure on Pepys.

He wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of sixteen, and later corresponded with Pierre de Fermat ( 1601 – 1665 ) on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science.

In principle, any wave impinging on a regular array of scatterers produces diffraction, as predicted first by Francesco Maria Grimaldi in 1665.

Year 1665 ( MDCLXV ) was a common year starting on Thursday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.

In 1665, the Dutch settlers on Tortola were attacked by a British privateer, John Wentworth, who is recorded as capturing 67 slaves, who were removed to Bermuda.

In August 1665, at the age of nineteen and as a gift for his friend Litchford, Flamsteed wrote his first paper on astronomy, entitled Mathematical Essays, concerning the design, use and construction of an astronomer's quadrant, including tables for the latitude of Derby.

Following the Restoration there arose a number of publications, including the London Gazette ( first published on 16 November 1665 as the Oxford Gazette ), the first official journal of record and the newspaper of the Crown.

Anne ( 6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 ) ascended the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702.

Anne was born at 11: 39 p. m. on 6 February 1665 at St James's Palace, London, the fourth child and second daughter of James, Duke of York ( afterwards James II and VII ), and his first wife, Anne Hyde.

The Second Dutch War ( 1665 – 1667 ) was started by English attempts to muscle in on Dutch possessions in Africa and North America.