Most of the region was once part of the Southern Netherlands, within the Low Countries, and gradually became part of France between 1477 and 1678.

It is also where, in 1678, Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia became the first woman in the world to graduate.

When she became pregnant, her marriage was announced publicly ( on 1 October 1678 ), and Sarah retired from the court to give birth to her first child, Harriet, who died in infancy.

When the secret treaty with France became known, confirming Sacheverell's insight, he called for the disbandment of the forces and advocated the refusal of further supplies for military purposes ; and in June 1678 he resolutely opposed Lord Danby's proposal to grant £ 300, 000 per annum to Charles II for life.

His son was allowed to inherit it in 1678 by a bill of Parliament, and the barony and earldom remained united until the death of the eighth earl, when the earldom became extinct, and the barony went to George Thicknesse, later Thicknesse-Tuchet.

After a brief period employed as private chaplain to the wife of Sir William Scott of Harden in 1675, Cameron was dismissed from service for refusing to attend the parish church on the Sabbath .. With Welwood ’ s encouragement Cameron became increasingly religiously active and was eventually licensed as a field preacher in 1678.

On 25 June 1678, Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia a Venetian noblewoman and mathematician became the first woman to be awarded a Doctor of Philosophy degree.

After continuously changing authority between the 13th century and the 17th century, Audruicq finally became a French town after the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678.

The first Tories emerged in 1678 in England, when they opposed the Whig-supported Exclusion Bill which set out to disinherit the heir presumptive and future king to be James, Duke of York ( who eventually became James II and VII ).

Nearby is the castle of Rötteln on the Wiesental, whose lords became the counts of Hachberg and a residence of the Margraves of Baden ; this was destroyed by the troops of Louis XIV in 1678 but was rebuilt in 1867.

The barony remained dormant until 1678, when Nicholas Tufton, 3rd Earl of Thanet, was allowed to claim the peerage and became the fifteenth Baron de Clifford.

Three of the five Jesuits sent by Louis XIV to China were from the Collège: Jean de Fontaney, the Superior of the mission, who had been a professor of mathematics there and became Rector of the school until 1710 after his return from China ; Joachim Bouvet, who was a philosophy student in 1676, became a teacher to the Kangxi Emperor ; Claude Visdelou, who was a repetitor and a teacher at the school from 1676 to 1678.

He became a member of French Academy of Sciences in 1678, and subsequently became active as an astronomer, calculating tables of the movements of the Sun, Moon, and planets and designing contrivances for aiming aerial telescopes.

He became a member of the Privy Council in 1674, and attended the crucial meeting in 1678 when Titus Oates first revealed his fabricated Popish Plot.

The life peerage became extinct on her death in 1678.

Anne de Noailles ( d. 1678 ), the grandson of the first count, played an important part in the Fronde and the early years of the reign of Louis XIV, became captain-general of the newly won province of Roussillon, and in 1663 was made duc d ' Ayen, and peer of France.

Adrien Maurice ( 1678 – 1766 ), the third duke, served in all the most important wars of the reign of Louis XV in Italy and Germany, and became a marshal in 1734.

In 1678 Godfrey became involved with the schemes of Titus Oates when Oates invented the Popish Plot and began an anti-Catholic campaign.

He was the cousin of William Kemys ( or Kemish ), who became High Sheriff of Monmouthshire in 1678.

Bluefields was a rendezvous for English and Dutch buccaneers in the 16th and 17th century and became capital of the English protectorate over the Mosquito Coast in 1678.

French Flanders, which gradually became part of France between 1659 and 1678, was historically part of the Dutch sprachraum, the native dialect being West Flemish.

He became a second lieutenant ( Fenrick ) in the Oppland National Infantry Regiment in 1678.

After leaving Holland, Graham was appointed captain by Charles II and sent to south-west Scotland in 1678, with orders to suppress conventicles ( illegal outdoor Presbyterian meetings ).

Holding the rank of captain, he fought during King Philip's War ( 1675 – 1678 ) on the New England frontier against the Wampanoag, Nipmuck and Podunk tribes of Indians.

In July 1678, he once again applied for service in the tsarist army and was accepted in the rank of captain.

Historically, this proceeded from the labours of Jean de Launoy ( 1603 – 1678 ), " le dénicheur des saints ", and Louis Sébastien le Nain de Tillemont, who had shown the falsity of numerous lives of the saints ; while theologically it was produced by the Port Royal school, which led men to dwell more on communion with God as contrasted with the invocation of the saints.

After consultation with both canon lawyers and theologians in France and Germany, Dominique Marie Varlet ( 1678 – 1742 ), a Roman Catholic Bishop of the French Oratorian Society of Foreign Missions, ordained Bishop Steenoven.

* Psyché ( opera ), a 1678 opera with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully

Theo Barker explains in the official account of the Brewery, that it all began with a Captain Richard Marsh who in 1678 is recorded in the Faversham Wardmote Books as contributing by far the largest of the ‘ Brewers Fines ’ made at that date.

Abraham Darby I ( 1678 – 1717 ) was the first, and most famous, of three generations with that name in an Abraham Darby family that played an important role in the Industrial Revolution.

By 1678, Louis sought peace with the Dutch Republic.

It managed to remain independent for some time, thanks to the help of the French king Louis XIV, but in 1678, with the Peace of Nijmegen, it was reconquered by the Spaniards and sacked: the university, the senate and all the privileges of autonomy it had enjoyed since the Roman times were abolished.

Roundhead remained in use to describe those with republican tendencies up until the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678 – 1681 ; the term was then superseded by Whig, initially another term with pejorative connotations.

* Abraham Darby I ( 1678 – 1717 ) the first of three generations with that name in an English Quaker family that played an important role in the Industrial Revolution.

An attempt by William to convince his uncle to enter the war against Louis failed in April ; Charles would till the end of that war in 1678 try to negotiate between the two parties, at times pretending to really consider a conflict with France, when such pretence was beneficial to him.

St Mary's Church was rebuilt in 1878 on the site of the former 16th century building with Parish Registers dating back to 1678 and is located on the road known as The Village near the centre of the town.

In 1354 Charles IV made it one of the grouping of ten towns called the Décapole that survived annexation by France under Louis XIV in 1678 and was extinguished with the French Revolution.

The English novel has generally been seen as beginning with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe ( 1719 ) and Moll Flanders ( 1722 ), though John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress ( 1678 )

After the first edition of the first part in 1678, an expanded edition, with additions written after Bunyan was freed, appeared in 1679.

Malebranche replied in a short preface added to that second volume, and then, in the 1678 third edition, he added 50 % to the already considerable size of the book with a sequence of ( eventually ) seventeen Elucidations.

He also advocated with Essay Concerning Preaching ( 1678 ) simple speech, rather than bluntness, in preaching, as Robert South did, with hits at nonconformist sermons ; he was quite aware that the term " plain " takes a great deal of unpacking.

Jacob Jordaens ( 19 May 1593 – 18 October 1678 ) was one of three Flemish Baroque painters, along with Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck, to bring prestige to the Antwerp school of painting.

Jordaens died of the mysterious Antwerp disease (' zweetziekte ' or ' polderkoorts ' in Dutch ) in October 1678, which, on the same day, also killed his unmarried daughter Elizabeth, who had lived with him.

He was released in July, and immediately entered into intrigues with Paul Barillon, the French ambassador, with the object of hindering the grant of supplies to the king ; and in 1678 he visited Paris to get the assistance of Louis XIV for the opposition's cause.

In spite of a treaty negotiated in 1678 with its ruler Ganga Zumba, a war between the two remained.