* Irish Brigade ( French ) formed from the Irish army after the flight of the Wild Geese in 1691.

** Louis Abelly, French monk and priest ( d. 1691 )

* January 28 – Adrien Auzout, French astronomer ( died 1691 )

* November 5 – Isaac de Benserade, French poet ( d. 1691 )

* January 18 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French war minister ( d. 1691 )

The French, who had colonized the Saint Lawrence River valley to the north, and the English, who had taken over the Dutch settlements that became the Province of New York to the south, began contesting the area as early as 1691, when Pieter Schuyler built a small wooden fort at the Ticonderoga point on the western shore of the lake.

Captured by Nicolas Catinat in 1691, Nice was restored to Savoy in 1696 ; but it was again besieged by the French in 1705, and in the following year its citadel and ramparts were demolished.

It continued to be an expensive institution to run, particularly when the prison was full, such as during 1691 when numbers were inflated by the campaign against French Protestants and the annual cost of running the Bastille rose to 232, 818 livres.

A significant number of the French progenitors of the Afrikaner people were Huguenots, who first began to arrive between 1687 and 1691 in flight from the persecution that lasted for one hundred years after the Edict of Nantes was revoked.

There was also HMS St Albans Prize, an 18-gun sixth rate captured from the French in 1691 and sold in 1698.

Isaac de Benserade ( baptized November 5, 1613 – October 10, 1691 ) was a French poet.

In 1691 he was received into the French Academy in spite of the determined efforts of the partisans of the " ancients ", especially Racine and Boileau, who on four previous occasions had ensured his rejection.

Following the Earl of Marlborough's capture of the southern ports of Cork and Kinsale, thus confining French and Jacobite troops to the west of the country, William III now felt confident enough to return to the Continent at the beginning of 1691 to command the coalition army in the Low Countries, leaving Baron van Ginkell to lead his troops in Ireland.

With the hope of unhinging the coalition French commanders in 1691 prepared for an early double-blow: the capture of Mons in the Spanish Netherlands, and Nice in northern Italy.

Over the winter of 1691 – 92 the French devised a grand plan to gain the ascendancy over their enemies – a design for the invasion of England in one more effort to support James II in his attempts to regain his kingdoms ; and a simultaneous assault on Namur in the Spanish Netherlands.

François Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois ( 18 January 1641 – 16 July 1691 ) was the French Secretary of State for War for a significant part of the reign of Louis XIV.

** Antoine Aveline, French engraver ( born 1691 )

It was under Dutch control in 1601 and settled by the French in 1691.

It was first recorded by François Leguat, who was the leader of a group of eight French Huguenots who colonised the island or Rodrigues from 1691 to 1693 .< ref >.

First mentioned during the 17th century, the Rodrigues Solitaire was described in detail by François Leguat ( leader of a group of French Huguenot refugees who were marooned on Rodrigues in 1691 – 1693 ).

* January 28-Adrien Auzout, French astronomer ( died 1691 )

Subjected to significant French and Indian raids, they appealed to Massachusetts Governor Simon Bradstreet, who oversaw them until William and Mary issued a new charter in 1691.

* The first was an 8-gun fire ship launched in 1691 and captured by the French in 1705.

The last counts, Adam and John Anthony ( Ivan Antun in Croatian ), lost the previous power of the family ; the former fell in the cavalry charge against the Turks at Slankamen in 1691 and the latter, after having brilliantly fought against the French, fell into disgrace and died in prison in 1703.

George Lillo ( 3 February 1691 – 4 September 1739 ) was an English playwright and tragedian.

* July 12 – Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter ( d. 1691 )

* Jean Beryrand, lord of Senneric 1691

Locke copied the manuscript and sent it to Jean Leclerc on 11 April 1691.

Jean Petitot ( July 12, 1607 – April 3, 1691 ) was a French-Swiss enamel painter.

He was defeated thrice in 1691, and on one memorable occasion he had but seven votes, five of which were those of Bossuet, Boileau, Racine, Paul Pellisson and Bussy-Rabutin.

Chef François Massialot wrote Le Cuisinier roïal et bourgeois in 1691, during the reign of Louis XIV.

In 1691, he wrote the music for what is sometimes considered his dramatic masterpiece, King Arthur, with the libretto by Dryden and first published by the Musical Antiquarian Society in 1843.

In his manuscript, The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies, Reverend Robert Kirk, minister of the Parish of Aberfoyle, Stirling, Scotland, wrote in 1691:

Bentley wrote the Epistola ad Johannem Millium, which is about 100 pages included at the end of the Oxford Malalas ( 1691 ).

In 1689 Hody wrote the Prolegomena to the Greek chronicle of John Malalas, published at Oxford in 1691.

However, he died suddenly of apoplexy after leaving the king's cabinet on 16 July 1691, though this account is challenged by Voltaire, who wrote in " Le Siecle de Louis XIV " that Louvois died while taking waters in Balarue.

* Durant Hotham ( 1617 – 1691 ), who wrote a Life of Jakob Boehme ( 1654 ).

In 1691, at his request, Queen Mary II wrote to the magistrates of Middlesex, asking for stronger enforcement of the laws against vice.

As well as collecting and classifying plants, he wrote two books entitled The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Creation ( 1691 ), and Miscellaneous Discourses concerning the Dissolution and Changes of the World ( 1692 ), which included essays on The Primitive Chaos and Creation of the World, The General Deluge, its Causes and Effects, and The Dissolution of the World and Future Conflagrations.

He wrote a Dialogue concerning Women, being a Defence of the Sex ( 1691 ), addressed to " Eugenia "; and Letters and Poems, Amorous and Gallant ( preface dated 1692, printed in Jonson's Miscellany, 1716, and separately, 1736 ); love lyrics designed, says the author, to impart to the world " the faithful image of an amorous heart.

The game was very popular at the court of King Charles II, and even after 15 January 1691 when Louis XIV issued an order from the privy council, by which he expressly forbade not only the officers belonging to his array, but likewise all other persons of whatever sex or denomination to play at Hoca, Pharaoh, Barbacole and Basset.

It first appeared in Wesley's Hymns for those that Seek, and those that Have Redemption ( Bristol, 1747 ), apparently intended as a Christianization of the song " Fairest Isle " sung by Venus in Act 5 of John Dryden's operatic play King Arthur ( 1691 ), on which Wesley's first stanza is modelled.

* It was also the birthplace of Isaac de Benserade, French poet ( 1612 – 1691 ), who was one of the first intellectuals in France to evoke female homosexuality in a theater play.