In 1731, the fifteen-year-old Don Carlos became Charles I Duke of Parma and Piacenza, at the death of his childless great uncle Antonio Farnese.

** Erasmus Darwin ( 1731 – 1802 ), physician and biologist, grandfather of Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 )

Charles, Duke of Parma since 1731, invaded Naples.

* Erasmus Darwin ( 1731 – 1802 ) physician, botanist, philosopher, grandfather of Charles Darwin

Swedish author Frans G. Bengtsson and Professor Ragnhild Hatton have written noted biographies of Charles XII of Sweden, as did Voltaire in 1731.

He received the imperial privilege on 6 April 1731 from Charles VI, and the Prussian royal privilege only four days later.

As a result, the Second Treaty of Vienna on 22 July 1731 officially recognised the young Infante Charles as Duke of Parma and Piacenza.

Charles arrived in Italy on 20 October 1731.

Charles left Spain and traveled overland from Seville to Antibes ; he then went to Tuscany, arriving at Livorno on 27 December 1731.

Others of later date are those of N. Lenglet du Fresnoy ( the Hague, 1731 ) and P. Jannet ( 1868 – 1872 ; new ed., 1873 – 1876 ), on the whole the best, but there is a very good selection with a still better introduction by Charles d ' Hericault, the joint editor of the Jannet edition in the larger Collection Garner ( no date ).

Writing from onboard HMS Lyon at Port Royal, Jamaica on 12 October 1731 to the Admiralty in London, Rear Admiral Charles Stewart confided, " I was a little surprised to hear of the usage Captain Jenkins met with off the Havana.

His son Charles, studying to be a divine at Christ Church, Oxford, died in 1731, the same year that the Swift and Pope Miscellanies, Volume the Third ( which was the first volume ) appeared.

Emily FitzGerald, Duchess of Leinster ( 6 October 1731 – 27 March 1814 ), known before 1747 as Lady Emily Lennox, from 1747 to 1761 as The Countess of Kildare and from 1761 to 1766 as The Marchioness of Kildare, was the second of the famous Lennox sisters, daughters of Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, and illegitimately descended from King Charles II of England.

Bengtsson's work draws heavily on the biography of Charles XII by Voltaire published in 1731, thirteen years after the king ’ s death.

In 1731 she had the satisfaction of seeing her favorite scheme realized with the recognition by the powers in the Treaty of Vienna of her son Don Carlos ( afterwards Charles III of Spain ) as the Duke of Parma, and after the Treaty of Vienna ( 1738 ) his accession to the throne of the Two Sicilies.

* April 18-Erasmus Darwin, poet and natural philosopher, grandfather of Charles Darwin ( born 1731 )

* Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery ( 1674 – 1731 ), author, soldier and statesman

* Benedict Leonard Calvert ( 1700 – 1732 ), the proprietary governor of the Maryland colony from 1727 through 1731, appointed by his brother, Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore.

* Charles Churchill ( satirist ) ( 1731 – 1764 ), poet, author of the Rosciad

Charles Pinckney was the uncle of Colonel Charles Pinckney ( 1731 – 1784 ) and the great-uncle of Governor Charles Pinckney ( 1757 – 1824 ).

According to the Julian calendar and Annunciation Style of enumerating years, then in use in the British Empire, Washington was born on February 11, 1731 ; when the Gregorian calendar was implemented in the British Empire in 1752, in accordance with the provisions of the Calendar ( New Style ) Act 1750, his birth date became February 22, 1732.

* Nikephoros Theotokis ( 1731 – 1800 ), Greek scholar who became an archbishop in Russia

On his return from studying in Italy in 1731, he was admitted to the Académie de peinture et de sculpture as a historical painter, and became a faculty member in 1734.

Howard was one of Caroline's Women of the Bedchamber and became Mistress of the Robes when her husband inherited a peerage in 1731 ; she retired in 1734.

George Vertue, whose family had property in Hawksmoor's part of Nottingham shire, wrote in 1731 that he was taken as a youth to act as clerk by ' Justice Mellust in Yorkshire, where Mr Gouge senior did some fretwork ceilings afterwards Mr. Haukesmore came to London, became clerk to Sr. Christopher Wren & thence became an Architect '.

Glocester was named for Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester Glocester was part of Providence until 1731 when it became an independent town.

In 1731, Benjamin Franklin established the Library Company of Philadelphia, the first library owned by a group of public citizens, which quickly expanded beyond the realm of books and became a center of scientific experiment, and which hosted public exhibitions of scientific experiments.

In 1731, Rameau became the conductor of La Pouplinière's private orchestra, which was of an extremely high quality.

In 1731 he became interested in meteorology, and invented the thermometer scale which bears his name: the Réaumur.

She became an accomplished actress and singer, and also attended Paris's Club de l ' Entresol ( formed in 1724 and suppressed in 1731 ).

From 1718 he became especially interested in the archaeology of his native town, and his investigations resulted in the valuable Verona illustrata ( 1731 – 1732 ).

However, in 1731 seven verderers became so concerned by the increase in activity that they signed an affidavit which demonstrated their worries.

Also, in 1731 he became the clerk of Scituate, which position he held for 11 years, until moving to Providence in 1742.

He became a merchant with his father in 1731, participating more fully in the business after the death of his brother at sea in 1732.

She was installed at court as lady-in-waiting to queen Ulrika Eleonora in 1731, and apparently became more to the king then merely a sexual plaything.

About 1731 La Vérendrye used Grand Portage which became the preferred route.

He became Chief Receiver of Taxes and Minister of the Interior of Saxony in 1731.

He became a lieutenant of the French East India Company in 1731.

This community which would later come to be known as Portessie was reportedly formed when " Porteasie ..... became a fishing station in 1727, when 5 houses were built by the proprietor of Rannes for the accommodation of the original fishers from Findhorn " and the 1731 Rathven Session Minutes shows that Rotten Slough already has a population of 40 with ten households and subsequent minutes show the community growing until the 1791 entry records 177 souls in 44 households.

Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for clothmaking.

John Inigo Richards ( 1731 – 18 Dec. 1810 ) was an English landscape painter who became one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768, and was secretary to the Academy from 1788 until his death.

Paul Sandby ( 1731 – 9 November 1809 ) was an English map-maker turned landscape painter in watercolours, who, along with his older brother Thomas, became one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768.