In 1781, Dashwood's nephew Joseph Alderson ( an undergraduate at Brasenose College, Oxford ) founded the Phoenix Society ( later known as the Phoenix Common Room ), but it was only in 1786 that the small gathering of friends asserted themselves as a recognised institution.

The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American War of Independence that took place near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781, between a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and a French fleet led by Rear Admiral François Joseph Paul, comte de Grasse.

On 22 October 1781, the queen gave birth to Louis Joseph Xavier François, who bore the title Dauphin of France, as was customary for the eldest son of the King of France.

In Vienna, he agreed to enter a musical contest with Mozart for the entertainment of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II and his guests on 24 December 1781, at the Viennese court.

Only an Edict of Toleration issued by Emperor Joseph II as late as 1781 put an end to religious repression.

* 1781 Joseph Priestley creates water by igniting hydrogen and oxygen

However, Louis Stanislas did not remain heir to the throne much longer, as on 22 October 1781, Marie Antoinette gave birth to the Dauphin, Louis Joseph.

In 1781, Charles acted as a proxy for the Emperor Joseph II at the christening of his godson, the Dauphin Louis Joseph.

** Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France ( 1781 – 1789 ), first son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

The Protestant citizens received the right to establish parishes according to the 1781 Patent of Toleration by Emperor Joseph II.

On August 24, 1781, Colonel Archibald Lochry were ambushed by Joseph Brant's raiders at Lochry Creek.

* Joseph Call ( born 31 March 1781 near Woodstock, VT ; died 20 September 1835 in Westport, NY ), the " Lewis Giant ," was a strongman and wrestler of widespread fame, as well as a Postmaster, millwright, Logger, Town Assessor, Auditor, JP, War Veteran and Teamster.

In addition, Joseph abolished serfdom in 1781.

US Postage Stamp, 1931 issue, depicting Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau | Rochambeau, George Washington and François Joseph Paul de Grasse | De Grasse, commemorating 150th anniversary of the victory at Yorktown, 1781

Between 1778 and 1781 he visited England three times, developing a friendship with Sir Joseph Banks.

Styled “ a tragic Singspiel ”, it was staged on 23 October 1781 at the Nationalhoftheater, as the emperor Joseph II had had the Burgtheater renamed after dismissing the Italian singers and their orchestra in 1776 and installing German actors in the theatre.

Joseph Huntington and later at the Master Tisdale's School in Lebanon, Connecticut, and graduated from Yale College in 1781.

* Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein ( 1726 – 1781 ), Knight of the Golden Fleece

* Joseph Kelway 1736 – 1781 ( formerly organist of St Michael, Cornhill )

Even after Emperor Joseph II proclaimed toleration in 1781, only Lutherans and Calvinists were allowed to openly practice their faith.

In 1781, Kempelen was ordered by Emperor Joseph II to reconstruct the Turk and deliver it to Vienna for a state visit from Grand Duke Paul of Russia and his wife.

Maria Theresa was also responsible for the founding of Gymnasium Karlovac, and later King Joseph II reaffirmed it as a free town with an official charter in 1781.

* Joseph Balthasar, Comte Siméon ( 1781 – 1846 ), French politician

II, March 14, 1776-December 31, 1781.

The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, as a pensioner of the British East India Company, 1781.

In 1654 King John II Casimir bestowed upon Chrzanów the privilege of holding extra fairs and in 1781 a similar privilege was bestowed on the town by King Stanislaus II Augustus.

* C / 1781 T1 ( Mechain ), 1781 II

Túpac Amaru II ( José Gabriel Túpac Amaru b. March 19, 1742 in Surimana-Canas, Cuzco, Viceroyalty of Peru – executed in Cuzco May 18, 1781 ) was a leader of an indigenous uprising in 1780 against the Spanish in Peru.

* Orders for execution of Túpac Amaru II, 1781, by magistrate José Antonio de Areche.

Louis Philippe II, who controlled the Palais-Royal from 1780 onward, expanded and redesigned the complex of buildings and the gardens of the palace between 1781 and 1784.

Master-founders at Aldbourne included Robert Cor ( active 1694 – 1724 ), William Cor ( active 1696 – 1722 ), Oliver Cor ( active 1725 – 27 ), John Cor ( active 1728 – 50 ), John Stares ( active 1744 – 46 ), Edward Read ( active 1751 – 57 ), Edne Witts ( active 1759 – 74 ), Robert I Wells ( active 1760 – 81 ), Robert II Wells ( active 1781 – 93 ), James Wells ( active 1792 – 1826 ).

A brief revival of these doctrines took place in Bohemia after 1781, owing to the edict of toleration issued by Emperor Joseph II.

Under the reign of Catherine II of Russia, the Swedish-speaking population left the island in August 1781.

In the Holy Roman Empire, a measure instituted by Joseph II in 1781 had permitted serfs freedom of movement.

The office of governor of the Kingdom of Hungary was re-abolished in 1781 by the new king Joseph II, and Albert of Sachsen-Teschen left the castle and took many parts of the equipment away.

* 1781: Serfdom is abolished in the Habsburg countries through the emperor Leopold II ( Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia )

Declining to be classed either as Christians or Jews, they were excluded from the edict of toleration promulgated by Emperor Joseph II in 1781, and deported to various parts of the country, the men being drafted into frontier regiments.

The first records about schooling in Loddon mention the school in what is now called he Priest's room in the Holy Trinity Church in 1781.

In 1850 the quarter was renamed " Josefstadt " ( Joseph's City ) after Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor who emancipated Jews with the Toleration Edict in 1781.

Finally, in January 1781, Aitken presented the Continental Congress with a petition asking them to inspect and authorize his recently produced copy of the Holy Scriptures.

* 1691 – Peter Scheemakers, Flemish Roman Catholic sculptor ( d. 1781 )

During the construction of a new Highbury House in 1781, tiles were found that could have been Roman or Norman ; unfortunately these have been lost.

Peter Scheemakers ( 16 January 1691 – 12 September 1781 ) was a Flemish Roman Catholic sculptor who worked for most of his life in London, Great Britain.

* Der Roman meines Lebens ( The Story of my Life ), 1781

* John Needham ( 1713 – 1781 ), British biologist and Roman Catholic priest who believed in the theory of spontaneous generation

In 1781, the first known copy of the marble statue of a Discus thrower-the so-called Discobolus of Myron-was discovered on the Roman property of the Massimo family, the Villa Palombara, on the Esquiline Hill.

At Rome in 1781 Fea discovered a statue of a discus thrower, the so called " Discobolus ", one of the known Roman copies of the famous Greek original statue in bronze created by Myron.

* George Oliver ( historian ) ( 1781 – 1861 ), Roman Catholic priest and historian

He is known to have been a pupil at Sedgley Park Roman Catholic School between May 1778 and June 1781.

* the Roman Catholic Church, which was consecrated in 1781.

Richard Challoner ( 29 September 1691 – 12 January 1781 ) was an English Roman Catholic bishop, a leading figure of English Catholicism during the greater part of the 18th century.

The Swing Bridge stands on the site of the Old Tyne Bridges of 1270 and 1781, and probably of the Roman Pons Aelius.