In 1785, a major controversy about Spinoza's philosophy known in German as the Pantheismus-Streit ( Pantheism controversy ) between critic Friedrich Jacobi and defender Moses Mendelssohn helped to spread pantheism to many German thinkers in the late 18th and in the 19th century.

After serving in the Massachusetts militia during the American Revolutionary War, Varnum helped to destroy the Shays insurrection before he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives ( 1780 – 1785 ) and then the Massachusetts State Senate ( 1786 – 1795 ).

Haym Solomon ( or Salomon ) ( April 7, 1740 – January 6, 1785 ) was a Spanish and Portuguese Jew who immigrated to New York from Poland during the period of the American Revolution, he was a broker and helped convert the French loans into ready cash by selling bills of exchange for Robert Morris, the Superintendent of Finance.

Clark helped to negotiate the Treaty of Fort McIntosh in 1785 and the Treaty of Fort Finney in 1786 with tribes north of the river, but violence between Native Americans and Kentucky settlers continued to escalate.

In 1786, he helped to survey the Seven Ranges, the first lands laid out under the Land Ordinance of 1785.

He helped found the New York Manumission Society in opposition to slavery and served in the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1787.

However, even with Mozart and Salieri being rivals for certain jobs, there is very little evidence that the relationship between the two composers was at all acrimonious beyond this, especially after 1785 or so when Mozart had become established in Vienna.

After some 25 years of work, his Theory of the Earth ; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe was read to meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in two parts, the first by his friend Joseph Black on 7 March 1785, and the second by himself on 4 April 1785.

It was one of the first industrial cities of the modern era where, as early as 1785, two hundred pottery manufacturers employed 20, 000 workers.

Appointed governor in 1785, Knight Boufflers focuses for two years to enhance the colony, while engaged in the smuggling of gum arabic and gold with signares.

UNB has two main campuses: the original campus, founded in 1785 in Fredericton, and a smaller campus which opened in Saint John in 1964.

The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws.

Marie Antoinette with her two eldest children, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte and the Dauphin Louis Joseph, in the Petit Trianon's gardens, by Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller ( 1785 ).

In 1785, two more counties were established in the now U. S. state of Connecticut: Tolland and Middlesex.

Following the great flood of 1785, the town moved from its initial location on the floodplain of the Mississippi River, to its present location two miles north and about a half mile inland.

* John Palmer ( 1785 – 1840 ), who served two non-consecutive terms in the United States Congress.

“ There are about fifty private houses in it ; and generally from fifteen to twenty stores, a church, a jail, two warehouses, and a large Court House, which in the year 1785 was used for the sitting of the State Legislature.

1785 ) located on the corner of Church and Trade St. Over two dozen antebellum homes from 1800-1860 grace the district.

Jersey Shore was originally named Waynesburg by the two brothers, Reuben and Jeremiah Manning, who laid out the town circa 1785.

As of 1600 in three agencies and as of 1785 again in two agencies.

These two groups clashed frequently from 1785 and sectarian violence worsened in the county Armagh area from the mid 1790s.

To this edition Peuchet added two supplementary volumes on colonial development from 1785 to 1824.

In 1785, his father retired, leaving Pierre and his two brothers to run the business, but in 1788 Pierre entered politics, and was sent by his fellow-citizens as deputy suppliant to the Estates-General, where he was mostly a spectator.

He returned to France in 1785 where he spent the following two years compiling his notes and writing his Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie, which was published in 1787, and Considérations sur la guerre des Turcs et de la Russie in 1788.

From 1785 to 1795 he published in two volumes a collection of original poems, to which he afterwards made many additions.

It was followed in 1785 by a similar paper, the Lounger, which ran for nearly two years and had the distinction of containing one of the earliest tributes to the genius of Robert Burns.

Scotland produced two influential genre painters, David Allan ( 1744 – 96 ) and Sir David Wilkie ( 1785 – 1841 ).

He wrote that the first chapter of the history of British India " embraces chronologically the first half of George III's reign, that stormy period of transition in English history when at the same time America was lost and India won ... covers the two great careers of Robert Clive and Hastings ... he end of the struggle is marked by the reign of Lord Cornwallis, which began in 1785.

The Act had been partially inspired by the interest in climbing boys shown by Jonas Hanway, and his two publications The State of Chimney Sweepers ' Young Apprentices ( 1773 ) and later Sentimental History of Chimney Sweeps in London and Westminster ( 1785 ).

* 1785 – Oliver Hazard Perry, American naval officer ( d. 1819 )

* Benjamin Franklin: First American Diplomat, 1776 – 1785 US State Department

* Spencer Houghton Cone ( born 1785 ), US Baptist minister and president of the American and Foreign Bible Society

In Hesse-Kassel, the Landgrave Frederick II, ruled 1760 – 1785 as an enlightened despot, and raised money by renting soldiers ( called " Hessians ") to Great Britain to help fight the American Revolutionary War.

He was alarmed by the Spanish diplomat Don Diego de Gardoqui, who in 1785 tried to convince Congress to allow Spain to close the Mississippi River to American traffic for 30 years.

* 1785 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in a gas balloon.

* Micah Taul ( 1785 – 1850 ), American politician

It has been claimed that Paley was not a very original thinker and that the philosophical part of his treatise on ethics is “ an assemblage of ideas developed by others and is presented to be learned by students rather than debated by colleagues .” Nevertheless, his book The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy ( 1785 ) was a required text at Cambridge and Smith says that Paley ’ s writings were “ once as well known in American colleges as were the readers and spellers of William McGuffey and Noah Webster in the elementary schools .” Although now largely missing from the philosophical canon, Schneewind writes that " utilitarianism first became widely known in England through the work of William Paley.

* November 10 – Richard Caswell, American major general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman and Governor of North Carolina ( 1776 – 1780, 1785 – 1787 ) ( b. 1729 )

* July 18 – Laurent Clerc, American advocate for the deaf ( b. 1785 )

* August 23 – Oliver Hazard Perry, American naval officer ( b. 1785 )

* May 22 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer, journalist ( b. 1785 )

Fraunhofer also developed a diffraction grating in 1821, which occurred after James Gregory discovered the principles of diffraction grating and after American astronomer David Rittenhouse invented the first man-made diffraction grating in 1785.

It is named in honor of Oliver Hazard Perry ( 1785 – 1819 ), American War of 1812 naval officer who, after his flagship was severely damaged, continued the fight from another ship and forced the surrender of the British fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie.

Bourbon County was formed on October 17, 1785 from sections of Fayette County, Virginia, and named after the French House of Bourbon, in gratitude for Louis XVI of France's assistance during the American Revolutionary War.

* Seth Thomas ( 1785 – 1859 ), was a famous 19th century American clock maker and pioneer of mass production.

* Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. ( 1710 – 1785 ), governor of Connecticut, father of Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., and a strong supporter of Washington during the American Revolutionary War, studied theology in Lebanon and later died in the town, where he is buried ( portrait at right )

It was not until after the American Revolutionary War, when most of the Iroquois allies went to Upper Canada with the Loyalists, that the first European-American permanent settlement was made, around 1785.

Although a mill was built in 1765, no other European-American settlers arrived until 1785, after the American Revolutionary War.

A few settlers, actually tenants, made the future town their home before the American Revolution, but the major influx occurred after 1785, mainly from New England.

After the Dutch came to the area, the land was part of the Bisightick tract of the Van der Donck grant purchased by Frederick Philipse in 1682, but in 1785 the state of New York confiscated the land from his grandson, Frederick Philipse III, after he sided with the British in the American Revolution, and sold it to local patriot farmers who had been tenants of the Phillipse family.

After the Battle of Boyds Creek and several violent incidents between the Cherokee and the settlers to the west in what is now Cocke County, the Cherokee were induced to sign the Treaty of Dumplin in 1785, ceding what is now Sevier County to the American government.

* John Ball ( clergyman ) ( fl. 1785 ), American minister from Nova Scotia

* John Cox Stevens ( 1785 – 1857 ), American yachtsman