This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

He was one of the founders of the Geological Society of London in 1807 and was its honorary secretary in 1812 – 1817.

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

The first Spanish Constitution was in 1812.

Canova's marble statue George Washington was commissioned by the State of North Carolina after the war of 1812 to be displayed in its Capitol Building.

* Uncle Sam ( initials U. S .) is a common national personification of the American government that according to legend came into use during the War of 1812 and was supposedly named for Samuel Wilson a meat packer in New York, who supplied rations for the soldiers.

" The Star-Spangled Banner " has special meaning to Baltimore historically, as it was written during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812 by Francis Scott Key, a Baltimorean.

The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter-invasions from British-Canadian forces.

The Spanish Constitution of 1812, and the legislation passed by the Cádiz Cortes after it was set up in 1808, created a number of liberal political and commercial policies, which were welcomed in Cuba but also curtailed a number of previous political and commercial liberties.

The Rideau Canal was built as a result of the War of 1812 to provide military transportation between the British colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada as an alternative to part of the St. Lawrence River, which was susceptible to blockade by the United States.

The tomb was virtually destroyed in 1812 by a man who stole most of the stones to build a house nearby, but it was partly reconstructed in 1890.

The second wave from Britain and Ireland was encouraged to settle in Canada after the War of 1812 by the governors of Canada, who were worried about anti-English sentiment among its citizens.

It was also influenced by Scottish, Irish and English immigration after the War of 1812.

In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in the War of 1812, Battle of Fort Dearborn.

Despite occasional entanglements with European Powers such as the War of 1812 and the 1898 Spanish-American War, U. S. foreign policy was marked by steady expansion of its foreign trade and scope during the 19th century, and it maintained its policy of avoiding wars with and between European powers.

Their marriage was formalized at the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Montreal on October 30, 1812.

Designed by Daniel Asher Alexander and constructed originally between 1806 and 1809 by local labour, to hold prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars, it was also used to hold American prisoners from the War of 1812.

Although Fresnel, who had also the satisfaction of being the first to put it into operation, perfected the dioptric apparatus independently, Brewster was active earlier in the field than Fresnel, describing the dioptric apparatus in 1812.

One was recorded in 1812 ; one measuring 7. 6 on the Richter Scale hit on November 30, 1983 at 21: 46 local time and lasted 142 seconds, resulting in a small tsunami which raised wave height in the lagoon to 1. 5 metres ( 5 ft ), and another on December 2, 2002, an earthquake measuring 4. 6 on the Richter Scale struck the island at 12: 21 a. m.

Elizabeth Garrett was born on 9 June 1836 in London, the second of eleven children of Newson Garrett ( 1812 – 1893 ), from Leiston, Suffolk, and his wife, Louisa née Dunnell ( 1813 – 1903 ), from London.

At the end of the War of 1812, Fort Gibson was built and the island remained a military post for nearly 80 years before it was selected to be a federal immigration station.

British heavy dragoons made devastating charges against French infantry at the Battle of Salamanca in 1812 and at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

Napoleon made a major misstep when he declared war on Russia after a dispute with Tsar Alexander I and launched an invasion of Russia in 1812.

It is said that William Munroe, a cabinetmaker in Concord, Massachusetts, made the first American wood pencils in 1812.

One of his earliest childhood memories was being made to stand on a table and say " Ladies and gentlemen " to the assembled audience, probably at a gathering to promote the election of George Canning as MP for Liverpool in 1812.

Hampden County was split from Hampshire County in 1812, because Northampton, Massachusetts was made Hampshire County's " shire town " in 1794 ; however, Springfield-theretofore Hampshire County's traditional shire town, dating back to its founding in 1636-grew at a pace far quicker than Northampton and was granted shire town-status over its own, southerly jurisdiction.

The earliest detailed surveys in the United States were made by the “ Topographical Bureau of the Army ,” formed during the War of 1812 ,. which became the Corps of Topographical Engineers in 1838.

Pauly made an improved version, protected by a patent, on 29 September 1812.

In 1812, the Middleton Railway ( edgeway, rack rail ) successfully used twin cylinder steam locomotives made by Matthew Murray of Holbeck, Leeds.

The Norfolk landscape painter John Crome, an associate of John Sell Cotman and others of the Norwich school, made an etching of Hoveton in 1812.

Jackson made the fort his headquarters during the War of 1812, and the newly created Montgomery County held its courts there.

The town was organized in 1812 from part of the Town of Warren, which was itself made by a partition of the Town of German Flatts.

During the War of 1812 these channels, canals and coves made Merrick a haven for buccaneers who preyed on merchants.

In 1814, during the War of 1812, British troops landed in Pultneyville, and an agreement was made with the villagers allowing the invaders to seize some stores without resistance, but a dispute broke out and weapons fire began on both sides.

During the War of 1812, the west shore of Cunningham Island was made a military rendezvous post by General William Henry Harrison.

Many composers made use of the theme in their compositions, most notably Tchaikovsky, who quoted it in the 1812 Overture, the Marche Slave, his overture on the Danish national anthem, and the Festival Coronation March.

In 1812, Cuvier made what Bernard Heuvelmans called his " Rash Dictum ": he remarked that it was unlikely that any large animal remained undiscovered.

In 1812 Czar Alexander I was able to render Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Russia useless by utilizing a scorched-earth retreat method, similar to that made by the Portuguese.

( In addition, there are two maces in Jamaica, made in 1753 and 1787 ; one belonging to the colony of Grenada, made in 1791, and the Speaker's Mace at Barbados, dating from 1812.

Armfelt, who had been Chancellor of the Royal Academy of Turku from 1791 to 1792, was made Chancellor of the new Imperial Academy of Turku in 1812.

Alexander did not credit the charge, but he made Speransky responsible for the unpopularity incurred by himself in consequence of the hated reforms and the still more hated French policy, and on the 17 / 29 March 1812 dismissed him from office.

Colman, whose witty conversation made him a favourite, was also the author of a great deal of so-called humorous poetry ( mostly coarse, though much of it was popular )-- My Night Gown and Slippers ( 1797 ), reprinted under the name of Broad Grins, in 1802 ; and Poetical Vagaries ( 1812 ).

He was 42 years old when he became premier in 1812, which made him younger than all of his successors.

and was made a Privy Counsellor in 1812,

By the time Henson arrived, others had already made Ontario home, including Black Loyalists from the American Revolution, and refugees from the War of 1812.