In response to the restoration of Napoleon I of France in 1815, Alsace along with other frontier provinces of France was occupied by foreign forces from 1815 to 1818, including over 280, 000 soldiers and 90, 000 horses in Bas-Rhin alone.

After reports by Rennie and Thomas Pear in 1815, and by Rennie alone in 1818 and 1820, the provision of steam engines was authorised by an act in 1823.

Aves ( J. F. Stephens alone ) ( 1815 – 26 ), XIV, pt.

Against this backdrop Edwards produced plates at a prodigious rate: between 1787 and 1815 he produced over 1, 700 watercolours for the Botanical Magazine alone.

The Rothschilds already possessed a very significant fortune before the start of Napoleonic Wars ( 1803 – 1815 ), and the family had gained preeminence in the bullion trade by this time.

In 1815, at a key period of Bolívar's fight for Venezuelan independence, he gave the Venezuelan leader asylum and provided him with soldiers and substantial material support.

During the surveying mission in 1815 to establish boundaries it is alleged that the American representatives provided copious amounts of libations to the British representative in order to trick him by having him establish the boundary between the United States and British lands via the False Detour Channel.

In this environment, the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg ( 1688 – 1772 ) and the teachings of Franz Mesmer ( 1734 – 1815 ) provided an example for those seeking direct personal knowledge of the afterlife.

In 1815, the newly amalgamated UGLE modified Anderson's constitutions to include: " Let a man's religion or mode of worship be what it may, he is not excluded from the Order, provided he believes in the glorious Architect of Heaven and Earth, and practices the sacred duties of morality.

He gave sanctuary to the independence leader Simón Bolívar in 1815 and provided him with material and infantry support.

" When this book was translated into German in Berlin in 1815, an explanatory note had to be added, as no such water utilities existed there: " There are many private homes in England that are provided with pipes in the walls so that in almost all rooms, all one needs to do to get water is open a faucet.

He was provided with the plants collected by other naturalists to compile the Flora Rossica ( 1784 – 1815 ), and started work on his Zoographica Rosso-Asiatica ( 1811 – 31 ).

The mountainous areas of Wakasa provided extensive irrigation for rice-producing areas in the flatlands of the lower Sendai River, but Wakasa suffered frequent flooding from the Hattō River, notably in 1815 and 1888.

The Penetanguishene Road built between 1814 – 1815, from Kempenfelt Bay, provided an alternate route to Georgian Bay, however, early settlers also used this route to get to the frontier of Simcoe County, bypassing the areas of West Gwillimbury and Essa townships.

Article 4 of the protocol of June 9, 1815, of the Congress of Vienna provided that the apostolic nuncio ( often referred to as the papal nuncio ) would be dean of the diplomatic corps in the country of appointment.

In 1815, Thayer was provided $ 5, 000 to travel to Europe, where he studied for two years at the French École Polytechnique.

But other measures passed in the next few years provided magistrates with the powers to implement many of these reforms and eventually in 1815 jail fees were abolished.

General von Grolman supervised and provided much of the material for von Damitz's Geschichte des Feldzugs 1815 ( Berlin, 1837-1838 ), and Geschichte des Feldzugs 1814 in Frankreich ( Berlin, 1842-1843 ).

The first steamer serviceto Paisley, provided by the Prince of Orange, started in July 1815.

The link cost £ 35, 000, was supervised by Benjamin Bevan, and was built between 1812 and 1815.

Following completion, a further two Acts were passed in 1810 and 1813 to alter toll rates on the canal, and another Act was passed in 1815 to allow the company to raise £ 100, 000 to pay off debts collected during the construction of the canal, and to construct a reservoir.

The third Sir Godfrey Webster began looking for buyers for the castle in 1815, and in 1829 he finally managed to sell it and of the surrounding land to John ' Mad Jack ' Fuller for £ 3, 000 (£ as of 2008 ).

Perhaps influenced by his own upbringing Andrew Anderson executed a Deed of Trust in 1815 by which he left £ 70, 000 to the Sheriff and Magistrates and Clergy of the established church in Elgin to build and endow an Institution in Elgin to provide a home for fifty children where they would be educated sufficiently to enable them to earn a living.

His will was contested by his family, but eventually his bequest of £ 26, 000 ' for the establishment of a hospital in the town of Elgin for the sick and poor of the county of Murray ( Moray )' was proven in the Court of Chancery, and work on building the hospital took place between 1815 and 1818.

To perpetuate the memory of his only son William, who had predeceased him in 1815, Sir William Fettes ( 1750 – 1836 ), a former Lord Provost of Edinburgh and wealthy city merchant, bequeathed the then very large sum of £ 166, 000 to be set aside for the education of poor children and orphans.

They were constructed in Wapping downstream from the City of London between 1799 and 1815, at a cost exceeding £ 5½ million.

The Act permitted the company to sell the land and to pay a debt of £ 29, 096 (£ as of ), to the treasurers by September 29, 1815 as well, otherwise it would be taken out of the proceeds raised from selling the land.

On 15 Feb. 1813 he strongly protested against the bill for the creation of a vice-chancellor, the effect of which he maintained would be to make the lord chancellor a political rather than a judicial character ; and on 31 May 1815 he strenuously opposed Lord Althorp's motion for an inquiry into the expenditure of £ 100, 000 granted by parliament for the outfit of the Prince Regent.

Eventually Lord George, who was a rich man in his own right due to a marriage to an heiress, purchased the house from the 6th Duke of Devonshire for £ 70, 000 in 1815.

In 1815 the " profit " from the Sydney toll reached £ 465.

In 1815 an act of parliament was passed, to authorise the raising £ 40, 000 in new shares to complete the canal.

Though Wesleyan ministers in 1815 could command about £ 100, a house and a horse, the Primitive Methodist superintendent of the Gainsborough circuit received £ 62 12s in 1852.

The budget was cut from £ 43 million in 1815, to £ 10. 7 million in 1820, £ 8 million in 1836 and only rose slightly 10 years later to £ 9. 5 million.

Allan was able to return to Edinburgh in 1814, and, in 1815, his picture of " Circassian Captives " attracted notice at the Royal Academy, though it did not find a purchaser ; however Sir Walter Scott, John Wilson ( 1785 – 1854 ) and his brother James ( 1795 – 1856 ), John Lockhart, and others, raised a lottery for it, with 100 subscribers at £ 10 10s.

However, in 1815 at the Battle of Waterloo, repeated charges by up to 9, 000 French cavalrymen failed to break the line of the British and German infantry, who had formed squares.

The news about Davy's lamp was made public at a Royal Society meeting in Newcastle on 3 November 1815, and the paper describing the lamp was formally presented on 9 November.

* January 9 – Henry Halleck, American general ( b. 1815 )

* October 9 – Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick ( d. 1815 )

Gervasio Antonio de Posadas y Dávila ( 18 June 1757 ( Buenos Aires ) – 2 July 1833 ( Buenos Aires )) was a member of Argentina's Second Triumvirate from 19 August 1813 to 31 January 1814, after which he served as Supreme Director until 9 January 1815.

However, the ensuing United Provinces of South America ( formed on the basis of the former Viceroyalty ) declared itself independent on 9 July 1816, after Ferdinand VII was restored in 1815.

Pike County was formed from Marion County by an act of the Territorial General Assembly on December 9, 1815.

The plat was filed on January 9, 1815 with John Wells as proprietor.

** Kingdom of Poland, while in personal union under the Emperors of Russia as Kings ( styled Tsar ; 20 June 1815 – 5 November 1916 ), had only one Viceroy, 9 December 1815 – 1 December 1830: Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov ( b. 1779 – d.

In 1815 Baden became a member of the German Confederation established by the Act of the 8th of June, annexed to the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna of June 9.

The royalists were of no concern: the duc d ' Angoulême raised a small force in the south, but at Valence it melted away in front of Grouchy ’ s command ; and the duke, on 9 April 1815, signed a convention whereby they received a free pardon from the Emperor.

A second shock occurred, however, and he died on September 9, 1815.

The Napoleonic era begins roughly with Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d ' état, overthrowing the Directory, establishing the French Consulate, and ends during the Hundred Days and his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo ( 9 November 1799 – 28 June 1815 ).

After the war, Jean-Baptiste Jourdan persuaded Gazan to be part of the Conseil convened on 9 November 1815 to try Michel Ney for treason.

Fouché was soon moved, in fact dismissed, to the post of French ambassador in Saxony ; Talleyrand himself lost his portfolio soon after ( he was PM from 9 July to 26 September 1815 ).

Henry Wager Halleck (; January 16, 1815 – January 9, 1872 ) was a United States Army officer, scholar, and lawyer.

Orrin Porter Rockwell ( June 28, 1813 or June 25, 1815 – June 9, 1878 ) was a figure of the Wild West period of American History and a law man in the Utah Territory.

Catherine's mother died on October 9, 1815, when Catherine was just nine years old.

After the defeat of Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo, the Congress of Vienna on 9 June 1815 gave him an area of with 25, 000 inhabitants around the capital St. Wendel.

* Battle of Waterloo ( June 18, 1815 ): 2, 000 British cavalry charge French infantry, and 9, 000 French cavalry charge British infantry.

* February 9 – Daniel Belknap, composer ( d. 1815 )

The Prussian government indebtedness soared between 1806 and 1815 by thaler 200 million to altogether 180. 09 million interest-bearing debts, 11. 24 million non-interest-bearing unconsolidated treasury notes and another 25. 9 million former provincial debts assumed by the royal government.