The struggle was resolved in 1819 in the Supreme Court in one of the most intriguing cases in our judicial history.

Abner Doubleday ( June 26, 1819 – January 26, 1893 ) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.

As well as holding positions at this school until 1828, in 1819 and 1820 Ampère offered courses in philosophy and astronomy, respectively, at the University of Paris, and in 1824 he was elected to the prestigious chair in experimental physics at the Collège de France.

The name " alkaloids " () was introduced in 1819 by the German chemist Carl F. W.

Kern & Co., founded in 1819, was an internationally known geodetic instrument manufacturer based in Aarau.

Antares B can be observed with a small telescope for a few seconds during lunar occultations while Antares itself is hidden by the Moon ; it was discovered by Johann Tobias Bürg during one such occultation on April 13, 1819.

The monument was given by Muhammad Ali of Egypt in 1819 in recognition of the battle of 1798 and the campaign of 1801 but not erected on the Victoria Embankment until 1878.

The term was coined in 1819 by philologist Karl Morgenstern in his university lectures, and later famously reprised by Wilhelm Dilthey, who legitimized it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905.

The composer Manuel Robles and the poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado fulfilled this mandate and their " National Song " debuted on 20 August 1820 in the Domingo Arteaga theater, although other historians claim that it was played and sung during the festivities of September 1819.

The first established use of the term in a political context was by François-René de Chateaubriand in 1819, following the French Revolution.

An early example, which is today known as an opium clipper, was the Transit of 1819.

In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case, which challenged New Hampshire's 1816 attempt to amend the College's royal charter to make the school a public university.

In June 1825, he resolved to embark on an improved version of his " Anger of Achilles " ( also known as the " Sacrifice of Iphigenie "; the earlier version was completed in 1819 and is now in the collection of the Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas.

Ezra Abbot ( April 28, 1819, Jackson, Maine – March 21, 1884, Cambridge, Massachusetts ) was an American biblical scholar.

The power delegated to the federal government was significantly expanded by the Supreme Court decision in McCulloch v. Maryland ( 1819 ), amendments to the Constitution following the Civil War, and by some later amendments — as well as the overall claim of the Civil War, that the states were legally subject to the final dictates of the federal government.

A further locomotive was supplied to Scott's Pit railroad at Llansamlet, near Swansea in 1819 but it too was soon withdrawn, apparently because it was under-boilered and also because of damage to the track.

This occasion was productive of both Mary Shelley's Frankenstein ( 1818 ) and Polidori's The Vampyre ( 1819 ).

Gustave de Molinari ( 3 March 1819 – 28 January 1912 ) was an economist born in Belgium associated with French laissez-faire liberal economists such as Frédéric Bastiat and Hippolyte Castille.

Mary Anne ( alternatively Mary Ann or Marian ) Evans ( 22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880 ), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, journalist and translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era.

Spain, nearly bankrupt from the war with France and the reconstruction of the country, was unable to pay her soldiers, and in 1819 was forced to sell Florida to the United States for 5 million dollars.

Herman Melville ( August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891 ) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet.

Herman Melville was born in New York City on August 1, 1819, the third of eight children of Allan and Maria Gansevoort Melvill.

The legislature appointed him to the Senate in 1819 to fill the seat vacated by John J. Crittenden.

In 1819 he was appointed president of the committee of the interior, and retained the office until his death.

In 1819 he was appointed procureur-général at Limoges, and in 1821 was returned for Marmande to the Chamber of Deputies, where he supported the ultraroyalist policies of Villèle.

In 1819 Gieseler was appointed a professor ordinarius in theology in the newly-founded University of Bonn, where, besides lecturing on church history, he made important contributions to the literature of that subject in Ernst Friedrich Karl Rosenmüller's Repertorium, KF Stäudlin and HG Tschirner's Archiv, and in various university " programs.

In 1817 he was appointed a member of the commission for organizing the Prussian provincial estates, and also a member of the department of justice in the (" State council "), and in 1819 he became a member of the supreme court of appeal for the Rhine Provinces.

He was ordained as a deacon in 1819, a priest in 1822 and appointed Vicar of Wymewold in 1826 ( until 1835 )..

In 1819 Speransky was appointed as the Governor of Siberia, with the task of reforming local government.

Taking holy orders, he was appointed to Buxted, Sussex, in 1819, and to the vicarage of Horsham in 1821.

Ordained to the priesthood in 1819, he was appointed to a curacy.

In 1817 he was appointed city and police commissar in Bamberg, in 1819, Governmental Councillor in Munich, and in 1827 promoted to Senior Legal Secretary.

Crittenden was appointed as Secretary of Arkansas Territory from 1819 to 1829.

In 1819 Elphinstone was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Bombay, a post he held until 1827.

In 1819 Governor Lachlan Macquarie established a new settlement, Bathurst, in this new country, and appointed Lawson as commander of the Bathurst settlement, a position he held until 1823.

Leaders of the free settler community complained to London about Macquarie's policies, and in 1819 the government appointed an English judge, John Bigge, to visit New South Wales and report on its administration.

In 1819, he was appointed teacher of classics in the Gelehrtenschule at Dessau, and in 1820 librarian to the ducal library.

In June 1817 he was appointed Marine Minister a pretext for him to resume the place of War Minister, which he did in September and continued to discharge till November 1819.

In 1872 Edward Watkin ( 1819 – 1901 ) was appointed as its Chairman.

At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed in the office of the sheriff-clerk at Paisley, and appointed sheriff-clerk depute there in 1819.

in 1811, was called to the bar in 1819, and in 1836, during the chancellorship of Lord Cottenham, was appointed a master in chancery.

He was then appointed acting Lieutenant of ( 18 ) and after a few months commissioned in the rank of Lieutenant in August 1819.

James Stanton was appointed Superintendent of the canal in 1819 ; by the time of his death in 1857 he had five barges of his own, but by now use of the canal was declining and it finally closed in 1871.

He was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Quebec in 1819 and was consecrated Titular Bishop of Juliopolis in 1822.

Seppings, who received a knighthood in 1819, was appointed Surveyor of the Navy in 1813, and held that office till his retirement in 1832.

He was meditating a missionary tour in Persia when his departure was arrested by steps taken by Thomas Chalmers which, after considerable delay, resulted in October 1819 in Irving being appointed his assistant and missionary in St John's parish, Glasgow.

At the conclusion of the war he resumed his studies at Halle, and after being Referendar in Magdeburg, was appointed in 1819 Assessor at Münster in Westphalia.