At the age of 17 he became an apprentice machinist at the shop of Walcott & Harris in Valley Falls, Rhode Island, and following two or three other jobs in quick succession after graduation, he went into business for himself in 1831, making lathes and small tools.

* 1831 – Nat Turner's slave rebellion commences just after midnight in Southampton County, Virginia, leading to the deaths of more than 50 whites and several hundred African Americans who are killed in retaliation for the uprising.

It was there that their first child, a daughter they named Anna Bronson Alcott, was born on March 16, 1831, after 36 hours of labor.

Anne was particularly close to Emily especially after Charlotte's departure for Roe Head School, in January 1831.

He died after commanding the Prussian army's efforts to construct a cordon sanitaire to contain the great cholera outbreak in 1831 ( the first time cholera had appeared in Europe, causing a continent-wide panic ).

When his second wife died in 1831 after a long illness, one of his daughters, Therese, took over the household and cared for Gauss until the end of his life.

In 1831 he was elected member for St Ives in Cornwall, after which he was returned for Lincoln in 1832, and sat in Parliament for that city for nine years.

Some U. S. states, like Georgia in 1830, passed a law which prohibited whites from living on Native American territory after March 31, 1831, without a license from the state.

His first trip was made in 1828 after his graduation from Turku University, but it was not until 1831 and his second field trip that the real work began.

The town is named after the river, which is presumed to be named after Margaret Whicher, cousin of John Garrett Bussell ( founder of Busselton ) in 1831.

* 1831 – In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.

Vom Kriege () is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz ( 1780 – 1831 ), written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife in 1832.

Additionally, John Quincy Adams, elected President as a Democratic-Republican, later became a National Republican and then a Whig after he was elected to the House of Representatives in 1831.

In 1831, the geologist George William Featherstonhaugh suggested that vanadium should be renamed " rionium " after del Río, but this suggestion was not followed.

These acts were largely ineffective and after radical agitation, by for example the " Short Time Committees " in 1831, a Royal Commission recommended in 1833 that children aged 11 – 18 should work a maximum of 12 hours per day, children aged 9 – 11 a maximum of eight hours, and children under the age of nine should no longer be permitted to work.

In the period after 1831 he composed some of his most important works.

A phrase that became popular after the publication in 1831 of a paper by Mantell entitled " The Age of Reptiles " that summarised the evidence that there had been an extended geological era when giant reptiles has swarmed the land, air, and sea.

Boris the play, modelled on Shakespeare's histories, was written in 1825 and published in 1831, but was not approved for performance by the state censors until 1866, almost 30 years after the author's death.

James Abram Garfield ( November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881 ) served as the 20th President of the United States, after completing nine consecutive terms in the U. S. House of Representatives.

Despite white attempts to control independent black congregations, especially after the Nat Turner Uprising of 1831, a number of black congregations managed to maintain their separation as independent congregations in Baptist associations.

In return, after the November Uprising broke out, in 1831 the Polish parliament deposed Nicholas as king of Poland in response to his repeated curtailment of its constitutional rights.

The internal autonomy that it enjoyed at first was abolished in 1831 after the Polish Uprising.

* The first head of state of Belgium after it seceded from the Dutch monarchy in 1831 was a regent ( but not a prince in his own right ), baron Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier, before the new nation, which had chosen to become a parliamentary monarchy, had its first king sworn in to the constitution.

By July 1831, as the new countries of Venezuela and Ecuador were being established, the isthmus would again reiterate its independence, now under the same General Alzuru as supreme military commander.

Leopold I ( Leopold Georges Chrétien Frederic ; ; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony ; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865 ) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands.

After Egypt declared independence from Ottoman rule under the leadership of Muhammad Ali, they went on to conquer Palestine in 1831 – 32.

From the Proclamation of the Independence of Brazil in 1822 until the 1831 abdication, an anthem that had been composed by Pedro I himself, celebrating the country's independence ( and that now continues to be an official patriotic song, the Independence Anthem ), was used as the National Anthem.

Some hold that Francisco Manuel da Silva composed the music in the last four months of 1822 to commemorate Brazil's independence ( declared on 7 September 1822 ), others hold that the hymn was written in early 1823 and others consider the evidence of composition dating back to 1822 or 1823 unreliable, and hold that the Anthem presented on 13 April 1831 was written in 1831, and not before.

Greece in 1831, after its independence

Nothing had been written in Flemish for years when Belgium's independence became a fact in 1831, separating Belgium and her Flemish provinces from the Netherlands.

According to Philippe Suinen, it is an exception among federal States, and, as pointed out recently by Michel Quévit, a quasi-State: " From 1831, the year of Belgium's independence, until the federalization of the country in 1970, Wallonia has increasingly asserted itself as a region in its own right .".

When independence had been obtained, Miaoulis in his old age was entangled in the civil conflicts of his country, as an opponent of Capodistrias and the Russian Party: he seized some of the principal ships of the Greek fleet at Poros in August 1831, including the Hellas, and destroyed them during the counter-attack of the Russian fleet.

He took up the cause of Greek independence, and travelled in Greece, publishing a Picture of Greece ( 1826 ), Letters from the Aegean ( 1829 ), and a History of Modern Greece ( 1830 ); and he was called to the English bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1831.

In 1831 was granted a degree of administrative independence under the Prussian municipal code of 1831.

– 9 November 1831 ) was married to Lord Edward FitzGerald, and was an enthusiastic supporter of Irish independence, scarcely less celebrated at the time than Lord Edward himself.

Masurians showed considerable support for the Polish uprising in 1831, and maintained many contacts with Russian-held areas of Poland beyond the border of Prussia, the areas being connected by common culture and language ; before the uprising people visited each other's country fairs and much trade took placw, with smuggling also widespread Some early writers about Masurians-like Max Toeppen-postulated them as mediators between German and Slav cultures.

By 1831 Thomsen was so certain of the utility of his methods that he circulated a pamphlet, " Scandinavian Artifacts and Their Preservation, advising archaeologists to " observe the greatest care " to note the context of each artifact.

* Albertus, written in 1831 and published in 1832, is a long narrative poem of 122 stanzas, each consisting of 12 lines of alexandrine ( 12-syllable ) verse, except for the last line of each stanza, which is octosyllabic.

In the spring of 1831, the Austrian army began its march across the Italian peninsula, slowly crushing resistance in each province that had revolted.

When Martin Boots and David Branson each donated of land in 1831 for the site of Marion, they chose a location on the left bank of the swift, scenic river which the Miami Indians had named " Mississinewa ," meaning " laughing waters.

The Model School was part of the national schools programme proposed in 1831 in which each county in Ireland would have at least one school that would serve as an example to other national schools in the area and as a teacher training establishment ( although teacher training did not take place at this particular school ).

By the time of the 1831 general election, out of 406 elected members, 152 were chosen by fewer than 100 voters, and 88 by fewer than 50 voters each.

In 1831, however, William IV presented the Grand Master with a star and badge, each composed of rubies, emeralds and Brazilian diamonds.

Previously, each Sovereign received a new ring to symbolise their " marriage " to the nation, though no new rings have been used since 1831.

Smith and Cowdery, according to their 1831 account, were each ordained as " an apostle of Jesus Christ, an elder of the church ".

Smith and Cowdery, according to their 1831 account, were each ordained as " an apostle of Jesus Christ, an elder of the church ".

Ironically, both his museum and the Dutch Society of Science are now across from each other on the Spaarne and were merged in 1831.

He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1829 to 1831 and again from 1835 to 1837, serving each time as Speaker.

The transportation needs of coal shipping stimulated construction of an early toll road, the Manchester Turnpike in 1807 ; and the Chesterfield Railroad, the state's first in 1831 ; each to travel the 13 miles from the mining community to the port of Manchester, just below the fall line of the James River.

Treaty of Buffalo Creek-January 15, 1838-Article I-The New York Indians also agreed to “ cede and relinquish to the United States all their right, title, and interest to the lands secured to them at Green Bay by the Menominee Treaty of 1831, excepting the following tract, on which a part of the New York Indians now reside .” The tract was eight by twelve miles consisting of 65, 436 acres or equal to 100 acres for each of the 654 Oneida that were presently living there.

Writing to his wife, dated May 11, 1831, about the " patriotic fellows of Haddington " including her brother, he says " Their district has five boroughs which choose a member of parliament by one from each borough.

" The enterprise was saved by the remarkable act of 1831 which organized a road company, with the Governor as President and one of the Board of Directors, with power to borrow money ($ 125, 000 ) on the credit of the State to construct a turnpike road of a minimum width of twelve feet, ' from Winchester to some point on the Ohio River to be situated by the principal engineer ', and with the right to erect bridges or to regulate ferries already in existence and to establish toll-gates on each twenty-mile ( 32 km ) section completed.

Since 1831, successive Queens consort of the United Kingdom have each had a new consort crown created for them.