This trade was subject to a tariff of 7.5 per cent after February 1835, but much was smuggled into Assiniboia with the result that the duty was reduced by 1841 to 4 per cent on the initiative of the London committee.

He partnered with Stephen T. Logan from 1841 until 1844, when he began his practice with William Herndon, whom Lincoln thought " a studious young man ".

The 1841 – 42 legislative session, with Whigs having a majority in the House chamber and the Democrats a smaller majority in the Senate, was marked by an impasse over the election of Tennessee's two United States senators.

The Habsburgs founded a number of monasteries ( with some structures enduring, e. g., in Wettingen and Muri ), the closing of which by the government in 1841 was a contributing factor to the outbreak of the Swiss civil war – the " Sonderbund War " – in 1847.

The winter of 1837 – 38 saw rebellion in both of the Canadas, with the result they were rejoined as the Province of Canada in 1841.

However, true detective fiction is more often considered in the English-speaking world to have begun in 1841 with the publication of " The Murders in the Rue Morgue " itself, featuring " the first fictional detective, the eccentric and brilliant C. Auguste Dupin ".

August Heinrich Hoffmann ( who called himself Hoffmann von Fallersleben after his home town to distinguish himself from others with the same common name of " Hoffmann ") wrote the text in 1841 on vacation on the North Sea island Heligoland, then a possession of the United Kingdom.

This statute replaced earlier statutes from 1820, 1823, 1838, 1841 and 1848 and has since been supplemented 11 times, with the latest supplement in 1995.

France assumed the status of protector by signing treaties with Gabonese coastal chiefs in 1839 and 1841.

France assumed the status of protector by signing treaties with Gabonese coastal chiefs in 1839 and 1841.

He was Secretary of State for War and the Colonies between 1834 and 1835 and again Foreign Secretary between 1841 and 1846 under Sir Robert Peel. It was during his second stint as Foreign Secretary that he settled two disagreements with the US – the Northeast Boundary dispute by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty ( 1842 ), and the Oregon dispute by the Oregon Treaty of 1846.

He was one of the two founders ( 1841 ) of the satirical and humorous magazine Punch, and the magazine's joint-editor, with Mark Lemon, in its early days.

Although he rejected the transcendental / metaphysical interpretation given to these phenomena outright, Braid accepted that these accounts of Oriental practices supported his view that the effects of hypnotism could be produced in solitude, without the presence of any other person ( as he had already proved to his own satisfaction with the experiments he had conducted in November 1841 ); and he saw correlations between many of the " metaphysical " Oriental practices and his own " rational " neuro-hypnotism, and totally rejected all of the fluid theories and magnetic practices of the mesmerists.

About 1841 he had freed himself from all the burden of manual labour, and could occupy his thoughts with the dialect of his native district, Sunnmøre ; his first publication was a small collection of folk songs in the Sunnmøre dialect ( 1843 ).

That said, the situation in England was far worse than in Scandinavia, France and Prussia: as late as 1841, 33 % of all Englishmen and 44 % of Englishwomen signed marriage certificates with their mark as they were unable to write ( government-financed public education was not available in England until 1870 and, even then, on a limited basis ).

The lyrics written in 1841 describe a then – disunited Germany with the river as its western boundary, where King William I of the Netherlands had joined the German Confederation with his Duchy of Limburg in 1839.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

U. S. president William Henry Harrison was treated with opium in 1841, and in the American Civil War, the Union Army used 2. 8 million ounces of opium tincture and powder and about 500, 000 opium pills.

The term " Permian " was introduced into geology in 1841 by Sir R. I. Murchison, president of the Geological Society of London, who identified typical strata in extensive Russian explorations undertaken with Edouard de Verneuil.

In gratitude the University of Ghent presented him in 1841 with specimens of every plant from his original collection.

The Act of Union 1840, passed July 23, 1840, by the British parliament and proclaimed by the Crown on February 10, 1841, merged the two colonies by abolishing the parliaments of Upper and Lower Canada and replacing them with a single one.

* 1841 – Julius Robert von Mayer, an amateur scientist, writes a paper on the conservation of energy, but his lack of academic training leads to its rejection

* Whitelands College – Founded in 1841, the college is one of the five oldest institutions for training educators in England.

The university descends from two Anglican teacher training colleges, which were founded in York in 1841 ( for men ) and 1846 ( for women ).

* was a 120-gun first-rate ship of the line launched in 1815, on harbour service from 1841, used as a training ship from 1862, and sold in 1906.

He starting training to be a barrister at Middle Temple, but did not like London so returned to Durham in 1841 to study theology.

The wintertuin is just one room ( literally ) in the Ursuline complex, initiated in 1841 and gradually expanding to fulfill its function as a boarding school and teacher training school.

The population of the parish rose from 6, 471 in 1841 to 14, 999 in 1851 and 32, 299 in 1861 and John Davies described it as " the most dynamic place in Wales ".

For example, the Barony of Grey of Codnor was in abeyance for over 490 years between 1496 and 1989, and the Barony of Hastings was similarly in abeyance for over 299 years from 1542 to 1841.

Four main recensions of Tischendorf's text may be distinguished, dating respectively from his editions of 1841, 1849, 1859 ( ed.

1841, when Emily was twenty-three: another from 1845, when she was twenty-seven.

Lord Aberdeen was a distinguished diplomat and statesman and served as Foreign Secretary from 1828 to 1830 and from 1841 to 1846 and as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1852 to 1855.

In 1841, he left Parliament and didn't return to politics until 1852 ; this time, having differed from the policy of Lord John Russell over the Corn Laws, he stood for Hertfordshire as a Conservative.

Elementary functions were introduced by Joseph Liouville in a series of papers from 1833 to 1841.

Economist Friedrich List summed up the advantages to be derived from the development of the railway system in 1841:

On January 3, 1841, he sailed from Fairhaven, Massachusetts on the whaler Acushnet, which was bound for the Pacific Ocean.

The words hypnosis and hypnotism both derive from the term neuro-hypnotism ( nervous sleep ) coined by the Scottish surgeon James Braid around 1841.

The word " hypnosis " ( from the Greek hypnos, " sleep ") is an abbreviation of James Braid's ( 1841 ) term " neuro-hypnotism ", meaning " sleep of the nervous system ".

from: 1841 till: 1870

from: 1841 till: 1919

from: 1841 till: 1895

An 1841 local uprising resulted in the loss of the British mission and the subsequent death of 16, 500 British-led Indian forces, which included soldiers and camp followers while retreating from Kabul to Jalalabad.

The discontent grew to open rebellion, fed by both Ottoman and British money and support: Bashir II fled, the Ottoman empire reasserted control and Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha, whose sole term as Grand Vizier ran from 1839 to 1841, appointed another member of the Shihab family, who styled himself Bashir III.

Jones became " Nauru's first and last dictator ," who killed or banished several other beachcombers who arrived later, until the Nauruans banished Jones from the island in 1841.

It was first introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, and is named after the Perm Krai in Russia, where strata from the period were originally found.