Coal mined in Aberdare parish rose from in 1844 to in 1850, and the coal trade, which after 1875 was the chief support of the town, soon reached huge dimensions.

" Chemical engineering ", describing the use of mechanical equipment in the chemical industry, became common vocabulary in England after 1850.

Group litigation was essentially dead in England after 1850.

The method is named after its inventor, the Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram ( 1850 – 1938 ), who developed the technique while working with Carl Friedländer in the morgue of the city hospital in Berlin.

Published after 1850 in the series Illustrated History, with other titles by his brother Jacob Abbott.

In 1850 he married an American college teacher, Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz, who later wrote introductory books about natural history and, after his death, a lengthy biography of her husband.

The outstanding feature of Kean's productions at the Princess's Theatre after 1850 was their accuracy of costume.

In 1850, after a dispute over Hesse, Prussia was humiliated and forced to back down by Austria ( supported by Russia ) in the so-called Punctation of Olmütz ; a plan for the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership, proposed by Prussia's Prime Minister Radowitz, was also abandoned.

However, in the 1850s Bismarck correctly foresaw that by failing to support Russia ( after Russian help in crushing the Hungarian Revolt in 1849, and at Olmütz in 1850, the Austrian leader Schwarzenberg had said that " Austria would astonish the world by the depth of her ingratitude ") Austria could no longer count on Russian support in Italy and Germany, and had thus exposed herself to attack by France and Prussia.

However, stamps from Henry Archer's perforation trials had been issued the last few months of 1850, then during the 1851 parliamentary session of 1851, at the House of Commons, and finally in 1853 / 54 after the government paid Mr. Archer £ 4, 000 for his machine and the patent.

When the government started to play a more prominent role in Dutch society after 1850, The Hague quickly expanded.

The Whigs were unable to deal with the slavery issue after 1850.

While an " underground railroad " running south toward Florida, then a Spanish possession, existed from the late 17th century until shortly after the American Revolution, the network now generally known as the Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century, and reached its height between 1850 and 1860.

With heavy political lobbying, the Compromise of 1850, passed by Congress after the Mexican-American War, stipulated a more stringent Fugitive Slave Law.

Humboldt was a philosopher and wrote On the Limits of State Action in 1791-2 ( though it was not published until 1850, after Humboldt's death ), one of the boldest defences of the liberties of the Enlightenment.

* General Zachary Taylor, who became the Whig candidate in 1848 and then President from March 1849 to July 1850, proposed after becoming President that the entire area become two free states, called California and New Mexico but much larger than the eventual ones.

After the United States annexed the territories after winning the Mexican-American War, it engaged in the Yuma War from 1850 to 1853.

Giuseppe had three brothers and six sisters: Giuseppe Sarto, 1834 ( died after six days ); Angelo Sarto, 1837 – 1916 ; Teresa Parolin-Sarto, 1839 – 1920 ; Rosa Sarto, 1841 – 1913 ; Antonia Dei Bei-Sarto, 1843 – 1917 ; Maria Sarto, 1846 – 1930 ; Lucia Boschin-Sarto, 1848 – 1924 ; Anna Sarto, 1850 – 1926 ; Pietro Sarto, 1852 ( died after six months ).

Since 1850 the number of known variable stars has increased rapidly, especially after 1890 when it became possible to identify variable stars by means of photography.

Delta Kappa Epsilon followed shortly after at Ole Miss in 1850, as the first to have a house on campus in Mississippi.

In the United States, there were attempts to produce arc lamps commercially after 1850 but the lack of a constant electricity supply thwarted efforts.

On March 13, 1879, Russell married Maria Frances Ackley (; 1850 – 1938 ) after a few months ' acquaintance.

There was not a massacre on Paddy's Island in 1850 as the Island did not exist until after the 1870s as it was a sand bar in the Burnett or Birral-bara, belonging to god cited by Durrumboi in Dunmore Lang 1861 ( Cooksland ).

Fort Myers, built in 1850 as a military fort to fend off Seminole Indians that were massacring the area ’ s few settlers, was named after Col. Abraham C. Myers, who was stationed in Florida for seven years and was the son-in-law of the fort ’ s establisher and commander.

The First Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation.

Although the slave trade was officially abolished in the British Empire by the Slave Trade Act of 1807, and slavery itself a generation later with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833, it took until 1850 to be halted in the territories which were to become South Africa.

The debates leading to the Compromise of 1850 were the last great hurrah of the members of the Great Triumvirate, as they saw at the same time the emergence of a new generation of political leaders like Jefferson Davis, William H. Seward, and Stephen A. Douglas.

In 1847, at age 1, he was adopted as the heir of the 12th generation daimyo Tokugawa Narikatsu, and succeeded him in 1850, taking the name Tokugawa Yoshitomi following his coming of age in 1851.

Lowell was amongst the fifth generation in his family to graduate from Harvard College, class of 1850.

He was born a generation after the Catholic Relief Act 1829 but before the reconstitution of Roman Catholic dioceses in 1850.

By 1850, the basic technical aspects of the American railroad had been solved by this generation of engineers.

The drafting was completed in 1850 and it was presented to the Legislative Council in 1856 but it did not take its place on the Indian statute book until a generation later, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

After 1850 he developed a monumental form of expression that held great importance for the following generation of artists.

He edited Isocrates, Panegyricus ( 1831 ); with Sauppe, Lycurgus, Leocralca ( 1834 ) and Oratores Atticae ( 1838 – 1850 ); with Orelli and Winckelmann, a critical edition of Plato ( 1839 – 1842 ), which marked a distinct advance in the text, two new manuscripts being laid under contribution ; with Orelli, Babrius, Fabellae Iambicae nuper repertae ( 1845 ); Isocrates, in the Didot collection of classics ( 1846 ).

In 1850 published an important critical edition of the Lives of Eminent Philosophers ( Diogenis Laertii De Clarorum philosophorum vitis, dogmatibus et apophthegmatibus libri decem, Pariisis, Didot ).

Two long papers published in 1840 — one on attractions and Clairaut's theorem, and the other on the variation of gravity at the surface of the earth — also demand notice, as do his mathematical memoirs on the critical values of sums of periodic series ( 1847 ) and on the numerical calculation of a class of definite integrals and infinite series ( 1850 ) and his discussion of a differential equation relating to the breaking of railway bridges ( 1849 ), research related to his evidence given to the Royal Commission on the Use of Iron in Railway structures after the Dee bridge disaster of 1847.

Moe has a special claim on critical attention in regard to his lyrical poems, of which a small collection appeared in 1850.

The Icelandic theologian Magnús Eiríksson ( 1806 – 1881 ), who lived from 1831 until his death in Copenhagen, was very critical to Martensen ’ s speculative theology, which he violently attacked in various publications from 1844 to 1850.

Continued interest in the route was an important factor in the negotiation of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850.

Though this failed to arouse great interest in 1850, it has since come to be recognised as his masterpiece.

In 1850, he went to Berlin to continue pursuing his study of medicine, and also continued to explore and develop his interest in plant science.

Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent ( 2 June 1850 – 13 June 1931 ) transformed The Boots Company, founded by his father, John Boot, into a national retailer, which branded itself as " Chemists to the Nation ", before he sold out his controlling interest to American investors in 1920.

The rocks possess great geological interest, and were made well known by the publication of the evangelical geologist Hugh Miller, The Footprints of the Creator or The Asterolepsis of Stromness ( 1850 ).

Franscini ’ s was able to apply his interest in statistics to his work in 1850, when the distribution of seats in the National Council by canton needed to be calculated, and he was commissioned to organize Switzerland ’ s first federal population census.

He returned to England in 1850, and entered into partnership with a surgeon in London, where he soon had his interest awakened specially in aural surgery, and also studied physiology.

He had a sympathetic interest in the Olympian Games movement of William Penny Brookes, first shown when he joined a party with his first cousin Lord Forester that viewed the first Wenlock Olympian Games at Much Wenlock in 1850.

The library has continued its special interest in Rutherford B. Hayes and concentrates on the history of the U. S. from 1850 to 1917, especially the Civil War, Reconstruction, the Spanish-American War, railroad, education, black history and Indian / government relations.

He was the first investigator to seriously interest himself in the Diptera of amber and his 1850 work on the amber Diptera from the Baltic region was the major foundation for all future study on amber Diptera.

Other items of interest range from a gilded bronze medallion of the Montgolfier brothers, created in 1783 by Jean-Antoine Houdon ( 1741 – 1828 ), the Glider Massia-Biot ( 1879 ), an 1884 electric motor by Arthur Constantin Krebs ( 1850 – 1935 ), the rear gondola of the 1915 Zeppelin LZ 113, equipped with 3 Maybach engines, type HS, a 1916 SPAD VII aircraft by Blériot-SPAD, a 1917 Airco DH. 9 aircraft by Geoffrey de Havilland ( 1882 – 1965 ), and a 1918 Junkers D. I aircraft by Hugo Junkers ( 1859 – 1935 ), to the 1961 Dassault Mirage IIIC by Marcel Dassault ( 1892 – 1986 ), an SSBS S3 surface-to-surface ballistic missile commissioned in 1981, and a 2002 Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard model.