The most significant figure of the era, however, was General José María Urbina, who first came to power in 1851 through a coup d ' état, remained in the presidency until 1856, and then continued to dominate the political scene until 1860.

Lord Palmerston, the British foreign secretary from 1846 to 1851 and prime minister from 1855 to 1865, sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe ; this rarely involved an alignment with France.

When this party came into power Madvig became Kultus Minister in the Cabinet of Moltke II and III, but left the cabinet on 7 December 1851 as a protest against the government's unity state program.

In his 1851 paper, Thomson was willing to go no further than a compromise and declared " the whole theory of the motive power of heat is founded on ... two ... propositions, due respectively to Joule, and to Carnot and Clausius ".

Brown argues that as foreign secretary from 1846 to 1851 and subsequently as prime minister, Palmerston sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe, sometimes even aligning with France to do so.

The three English artists credited with establishing watercolor as an independent, mature painting medium are Paul Sandby ( 1730 – 1809 ), often called " the father of the English watercolor ", Thomas Girtin ( 1775 – 1802 ), who pioneered its use for large format, romantic or picturesque landscape painting, and Joseph Mallord William Turner ( 1775 – 1851 ), who brought watercolor painting to the highest pitch of power and refinement and created with it hundreds of superb historical, topographical, architectural and mythological paintings.

A strong theme in Mongkut ’ s movement was that, “… true Buddhism was supposed to refrain from worldly matters and confine itself to spiritual and moral affairs .” Mongkut eventually came to power in 1851, as did his colleagues who had the same progressive mission.

The position was steadily weakened by the legislature, and his power was limited further by the constitution of 1851.

In 1851, Milo Burr placed a dam across the confluence of several mountain streams impounding water for power.

An avowed enemy of republican institutions, he held a unique position in upholding the power of the president ; but in January 1851 he opposed Louis Napoleon's policy, was in consequence deprived of his double command, and at the coup d ' état in December was arrested and sent to Mazas, until his banishment from France by the decree of January 9, 1852.

After the decline of the Whigs ' power, Wade joined the Republican Party, and in 1851 he was elected by his legislature to the United States Senate.

The second constitution of Ohio, effective in 1851, took away the power of the General Assembly to choose the state's executive officers, granting that right to the voters.

It and its rival, the Liberals have alternated in power since responsible government was granted in 1851 and are the only two parties represented in the PEI Legislative Assembly.

In 1851 he nevertheless advocated in the senate the maintenance of the temporal power of the Pope by force of arms.

Other battles are seen as " decisive " because they shaped the development of Britain, which was the world's leading power at the time of writing: the Norman Conquest at the Battle of Hastings, the defeat of the Spanish Armada and of the French at Blenheim and Waterloo, although also the weakening of the British Empire by the independence of the USA-in 1851 nothing like the global power she would later become-won at Saratoga.

The Lipps – Meyer law, named for Theodor Lipps ( 1851 – 1914 ) and Max F. Meyer ( 1873 – 1967 ), hypothesizes that the closure of melodic intervals is determined by " whether or not the end tone of the interval can be represented by the number two or a power of two ", in the frequency ratio between notes ( see octave ).

During the various wars between Ras Ali and his leading rival for power, Dejazmach Wube Haile Maryam of Semien, Emperor Yohannes was deposed and restored several times between 30 August 1840 and 1851, alternating with his cousin Sahle Dengel.

In the year 1851, the Provo City council gained power to establish, support and regulate common schools, and in 1853 property taxes were approved for building schools.

Due to heavy waves of immigration in the 1840s, the population of Canada West more than doubled by 1851 over the previous decade, and as a result for the first time the English-speaking population of Canada West surpassed the French-speaking population of Canada East, tilting the representative balance of power.

His decision in Commonwealth v. Alger ( 1851 ) was an early and influential attempt to define the limits of state police power.

Florida Circuit Court judges served in the capacity of Supreme Court Justices until 1851 when an 1848 constitutional amendment took effect granting the state legislator power to choose three justices, one Chief Justice and two Associate Justice's.

Afterward he invented a power loom for weaving " Brussels " ( i. e. pictorial tapestry ) and velvet tapestry carpets, his most important invention, which attracted much attention at the World's Fair in London in 1851.

The absence of any real power, combined with health concerns and the enormous cost of living drove Blanshard to resign, and he abandoned the colony in September, 1851 after just one and a half years there.

Seven of Delaware's governors have come from Milford: Daniel Rogers ( who served 1797-99 ), Joseph Haslet ( 1811 – 14 ), William Tharp ( 1847 – 1851 ), Peter F. Causey ( 1855 – 59 ), William Burton ( 1859 – 63 ), William T. Watson ( 1895 – 97 ), and Ruth Ann Minner ( 2001 – 09 ).

The 1851 constitution extended terms to four years but banned governors from serving consecutive terms.

In 1851, Indiana adopted its second and current constitution, which banned governors from serving consecutive terms and lengthened terms to four years.

As long ago as 1851 it was pointed out by Niepce ( 1851 ) that there is a connection between the pituitary and the thyroid.

In 1851 Kolbe succeeded Bunsen as professor of chemistry at Marburg, and in 1865 he was called to the University of Leipzig.

In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873.

The wooden bridge, dating from the Middle Ages, across the Aar was destroyed by floods three times in thirty years, and was replaced with a steel suspension bridge in 1851.

The church was built between 1851 and 1852 and has had extensive work since its erection.

The first opportunity for the protectionist Tories under Disraeli and Stanley to take office came in 1851, when Lord John Russell's government was defeated in the House of Commons over the Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851.

In December 1851, the town was home to a movement of republican resistance towards Napoleon III's coup.

The Challicum bunyip, an outline image of a bunyip carved by Aborigines into the bank of Fiery Creek, near Ararat, Victoria, was first recorded by The Australasian newspaper in 1851.

It was in use by 1 October 1851, and served as a ballroom until completion of the new ballroom in 1856.

The sale was completed in November 1851, the price being £ 32, 000, and Prince Albert formally took possession the following autumn.

The King's Library, on the ground floor of the East Wing, was handed over in 1827, and was described as one of the finest rooms in London although it was not fully open to the general public until 1857, however, special openings were arranged during The Great Exhibition of 1851.

The collection was dramatically enlarged by the excavations of A. H. Layard at the Assyrian sites of Nimrud and Nineveh between 1845 and 1851.

In 1998, Pensacola Christian College produced a widely distributed videotape, arguing that this " leaven of fundamentalism " was passed from the 19th-century Princeton theologian Benjamin B. Warfield ( 1851 – 1921 ) to Charles Brokenshire ( 1885 – 1954 ), who served BJU as Dean of the School of Religion, and then to current BJU faculty members and graduates.

López's fourth expedition landed in Pinar del Río province with around 400 men in August 1851 ; the invaders were defeated by Spanish troops and López was executed.

His father was born into slavery in 1851 in Pittsboro, North Carolina ; after the Civil War, he graduated from St. Augustine's College and became a prominent minister and founder of St. Michael's Episcopal Church.

During his time there, Doppler, along with Franz Unger, played an influential role in the development of young Gregor Mendel, known as the founding father of genetics, who was a student at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853.

In Nova Scotia, the population grew steadily from 277, 000 in 1851 to 388, 000 in 1871, mostly from natural increase since immigration was slight.

From 1851 or earlier another type of clipper ship was also being built in American shipyards, the medium clipper.

The Arithmometer, invented in 1820 as a four-operation mechanical calculator, was released to production in 1851 as an adding machine and became the first commercially successful unit ; forty years later, by 1890, about 2, 500 arithmometers had been sold plus a few hundreds more from two arithmometer clone makers ( Burkhardt, Germany, 1878 and Layton, UK, 1883 ) and Felt and Tarrant, the only other competitor in true commercial production, had sold 100 comptometers.