A decree of 1852 placed him along with Guizot and Villemain in the rank of honorary professors.

An avowed enemy of republican institutions, he held a unique position in upholding the power of the president ; but in January 1851 he opposed Louis Napoleon's policy, was in consequence deprived of his double command, and at the coup d ' état in December was arrested and sent to Mazas, until his banishment from France by the decree of January 9, 1852.

By a decree of the president he was made a senator of France in 1852, and on the death of François Arago in 1853 he was chosen perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences.

Following the establishment of a new Catholic hierarchy in the United Kingdom in 1850 by the decree of Pope Pius IX, it was raised to cathedral status in 1852, becoming one of the first four Catholic cathedrals in England and Wales since the English Reformation.

In 1852, Napoleon III, having restored the Bonapartes to power in France, enacted a new decree on the succession.

On January 25, 1852, in consequence of the decree confiscating the property of the Orléans family, he resigned the office of minister of finance, but was on the same day appointed senator, and soon after rejoined the government as minister of state and of the imperial household.

The wish of the bishops was not carried out, and the First and Second Plenary Councils of Baltimore ( 1852 and 1866 ) repeated the decree of 1829.

Nobility and hereditary titles were abolished by the Revolutions of 1789 and 1848, but hereditary titles were restored by decree in 1852 and have never since been abolished in law.

Completed and opened for traffic in 1852, the bridge was designed and built by Lemuel Chenoweth and his brother, Eli, of Beverly.

Northern ( and British ) readers recoiled in anger at the horrors of slavery through the novel and play Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin ( 1852 ) by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe.

The principal ironworks was built by the British Iron Company in 1825 ; it passed to the New British Iron Company in 1843 and to the Ebbw Vale Company in 1852 but closed in 1889.

From 1852 onwards, Disraeli's career would also be marked by his often intense rivalry with William Ewart Gladstone, who eventually rose to become leader of the Liberal Party.

A Young Disraeli by Francis Grant ( artist ) | Sir Francis Grant, 1852

Balmoral has been one of the residences of the British Royal Family since 1852, when it was purchased by Queen Victoria and her consort, Prince Albert.

The pediment over the main entrance is decorated by sculptures by Sir Richard Westmacott depicting The Progress of Civilisation, consisting of fifteen allegorical figures, installed in 1852.

Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.

They contend that the Boers of the South African Republic ( ZAR ) and Orange Free State republics were recognized as a separate people or cultural group under international law by the Sand River Convention ( which created the South African Republic in 1852 ), the Bloemfontein Convention ( which created the Orange Free State Republic in 1854 ), the Pretoria Convention ( which re-established the independence of the South African Republic 1881 ), the London Convention ( which granted the full independence to the South African Republic in 1884 ) and the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, which formally ended the Second Anglo-Boer War on 31 May 1902.

Following the 1852 Telegraph Act, Canada's first permanent transatlantic telegraph link was a submarine cable built in 1866 between Ireland and Newfoundland. Telegrams were sent through networks built by Canadian Pacific and Canadian National.

A first exception to this rule arose in an 1852 case by New York's highest court, Thomas v. Winchester, which held that mislabeling a poison as an innocuous herb, and then selling the mislabeled poison through a dealer who would be expected to resell it, put " human life in imminent danger.

The idea that cells can be generated de novo, by the " cytoblast " or otherwise, contradicted work by Robert Remak ( 1852 ) and Rudolf Virchow ( 1855 ) who decisively propagated the new paradigm that cells are generated solely by cells (" Omnis cellula e cellula ").

In Cooley v. Board of Wardens ( 1852 ) the Court headed by Roger B. Taney had allowed the states, in the absence of federal legislation, to control those aspects of commerce that did not require a single national policy.

In graph theory, much research was motivated by attempts to prove the four color theorem, first stated in 1852, but not proved until 1976 ( by Kenneth Appel and Wolfgang Haken, using substantial computer assistance ).

Napoleon I's nephew, Napoleon III, resurrected the title of emperor on 2 December 1852, after establishing the Second French Empire in a presidential coup, subsequently approved by a plebiscite.

Brown's most important painting was Work ( 1852 – 1865 ), commissioned by Thomas Plint and which he showed at a special exhibition.

Following his education in Giessen, he took postdoctoral fellowships in Paris ( 1851 – 52 ), in Chur, Switzerland ( 1852 – 53 ), and in London ( 1853 – 55 ), where he was decisively influenced by Alexander Williamson.

In 1852, the free trade zone was extended by Isabella II to the Canary Islands.

" This problem was first posed by Francis Guthrie in 1852 and its first written record is in a letter of De Morgan addressed to Hamilton the same year.

A record of a bird in 1852 is considered by some to be the last sighting of the species.

A later claim of a live individual sighted in 1852 on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland has been accepted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ( IUCN ).

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.

* Napoleon III ( 1852 – 1870 )

* 1852 – Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French ( Napoleon III ).

* Marx, Karl, The 18th Brumaire of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1852

Napoleon III of France took the imperial title in 1852 and held it until his downfall in 1870.

From December 1851 to March 1852 Marx wrote The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, a work on the French Revolution of 1848, in which he expanded upon his concepts of historical materialism, class struggle and the dictatorship of the proletariat, advancing the argument that victorious proletariat has to smash the bourgeois state.

* The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, 1852

On 2 April 1852 the parliamentary seat for Senegal was abolished by Napoleon III.

Haussmann was hired by Napoleon III on 22 June 1852 to " modernize " Paris.

Born in Paris, he was the third and last son, and would become Emperor Napoleon III of France ( 1852 – 70 ).

The next Bonaparte to come to the throne of France ( in 1852 ) took the name Napoleon III in deference to his cousin's titular reign.

In the French coup of 1851, Napoleon declared himself Emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire, which lasted from 1852 to 1870.

Elected President by popular vote in 1848, he initiated a coup d ' état in 1851, before ascending the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of Napoleon I's coronation.

In a speech at Bordeaux in 1852, Napoleon III famously proclaimed that " The Empire means peace " (" L ' Empire, c ' est la paix "), reassuring foreign governments that the new Emperor Napoleon would not attack other European powers in order to extend the French Empire.

Statue of Napoleon I of France | Napoléon Bonaparte erected at Champs-Élysées in 1852, soon after the coronation of Napoleon III. The 2nd Armored Division ( France ) | Free French 2nd Armored Division marches down the Champs-Élysées on 26 August 1944 to celebrate the Liberation of Paris.

It suffered much from the ravages of the Thirty Years ' War, but the episcopal palace, then destroyed, was subsequently rebuilt, and in 1852 was converted by Louis Napoleon into a place of residence for widows of knights of the Legion of Honour.

Napoleon III was moved by the losses, as he had argued back in 1852 " the French Empire is peace ", and for reasons including the Prussian threat and domestic protests by the Roman Catholics, he decided to put an end to the war with the Armistice of Villafranca ( 12 July 1859 ).

The island's use as a penitentiary was begun in 1852 by the government of Emperor Napoleon III.

While the prison system was in use ( 1852 – 1953 ), inmates included political prisoners ( such as 239 republicans who opposed Napoleon III's coup d ' état in 1851 ) and the most hardened of thieves and murderers.