In 1853 he joined Fromental Halévy's composition class, and began to produce works of increasing sophistication and quality.

As a painter she became famous primarily for two chief works: Ploughing in the Nivernais ( in French: Le labourage nivernais, le sombrage ), which was first exhibited at the Salon of 1848, and is now in the Musée d ’ Orsay in Paris depicts a team of oxen ploughing a field while attended by peasants set against a vast pastoral landscape ; and, The Horse Fair ( in French: Le marché aux chevaux ) ( which was exhibited at the Salon of 1853 ( finished in 1855 ) and is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York City.

Later, several comedies in verse were produced at the Théâtre Français and on other stages ; and from 1853 onwards a stream of prose flowed from his industrious pen, including studies of Parisian manners, sketches of well-known persons, and a series of tales, most of which were republished in his collected works ( 1875 – 1878 ).

* The 1853 gallery: several large rooms given over to the works of the Bradford-born artist David Hockney: including paintings, drawings, photomontages and stage sets.

The change is noticeable in his Epochen der kirchlichen Geschichtschreibung ( 1852 ), Das Christenthum und die christiche Kirche der drei ersten Jahrhunderte ( 1853 ), and Die christliche Kirche von Anfang des vierten bis zum Ende das sechsten Jahrhunderts ( 1859 ), works preparatory to his Kirchengeschichte, in which the change of view is specially pronounced.

He composed a few settings of liturgical material, including one of the 91st Psalm ( 1853 ); and also choral works for the synagogue at Paris.

Doncaster locomotive works opened in 1853, replacing temporary facilities at Boston.

In 1853, Delia Bacon approached Spedding with her belief that Francis Bacon was instrumental in the authorship of Shakespeare's works ( see Shakespearean authorship ).

Among Whewell's other works — too numerous to mention — were popular writings such as the third Bridgewater Treatise Astronomy and General Physics considered with reference to Natural Theology ( 1833 ), and the essay, Of the Plurality of Worlds ( 1853 ), in which he argued against the probability of life on other planets, and also the Platonic Dialogues for English Readers ( 1850 – 1861 ), the Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy in England ( 1852 ), the essay, Of a Liberal Education in General, with particular reference to the Leading Studies of the University of Cambridge ( 1845 ), the important edition and abridged translation of Hugo Grotius, De jure belli ac pacis ( 1853 ), and the edition of the Mathematical Works of Isaac Barrow ( 1860 ).

During the 1850s Courbet painted numerous figurative works using common folk and friends as his subjects, such as Village Damsels ( 1852 ), the Wrestlers ( 1853 ), Bathers ( 1853 ), The Sleeping Spinner ( 1853 ) and The Wheat Sifters ( 1854 ).

Regensburg, 1846 – 1848 ) and on Luther ( 1851, Eng, tr., 1853 ) he is very severe on the Protestant leaders, and he also accepts, in his earlier works, the Ultramontane view then current on the practical condition of the Church of England, a view he later changed.

The best works of his later period are a zarzuela titled El grumete ( 1853 ), La venganza catalana ( 1864 ) and Juan Lorenzo ( 1865 ).

His other works include Griechische Reiseskizzen (" Greek Travel Sketches ") ( 1853 ), Das moderne Drama ( 1852 )-- a book that arose from a correspondence with Gottfried Keller -- Italienische Studien ( 1879 ), and several works descriptive of the Dresden art collections.

During the twenty-five years Child was Professor of Rhetoric at Harvard he undertook general editorial supervision of the publication of a 130-volume collection of the works of the British poets, many not previously generally available to the reading public, which began appearing 1853.

Beginning in 1853, with his watercolour, The First Anniversary of the Death of Beatrice, Rossetti painted Siddal in many works.

The rest of his life was mainly occupied with the composition of the two great works on which his fame rests, the Grammar of the Romance Languages ( 1836-1844 ), and the Lexicon of the Romance Languages -- Italian, Spanish and French ( 1853 ); in these two works Diez did for the Romance group of languages what Jacob Grimm did for the Teutonic family.

Other mills rapidly joined the business base and generated revenue to support early public works projects like the water system and illuminating gas works in 1853, and a telephone system in 1879.

In 1853, Doré was asked to illustrate the works of Lord Byron.

Construction began during summer 1853, on a site some north-west of the original building, which was considered to have a better outlook.

After the inauguration of the railway to Königsberg in 1853, Elbing's industry began to grow.

A Russian sea captain noted oil seeps along the shore of the Cook Inlet as early as 1853, and oil drilling began in 1898 in a number of locations along the southern coast of Alaska.

* Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception ( Gothic style Catholic cathedral, construction began in 1853, its spire rises to )

* July 27 – The first recorded snowfall in Auckland, New Zealand since records began in 1853.

The opera was first performed at the Teatro Apollo, Rome, on 19 January 1853 where it " began a victorious march throughout the operatic world ".

In 1853, the Chicago Land Company, of which Ogden was a trustee, purchased land at a bend in the Chicago River and began to cut a channel, formally known as North Branch Canal, but also referred to as Ogden's Canal.

Later, when Bruckner began teaching music himself, he would base his curriculum on Sechter's book Die Grundsätze der musikalischen Komposition ( Leipzig 1853 / 54 ).

Alexander Twining began experimenting with vapor-compression refrigeration in 1848, and obtained patents in 1850 and 1853.

Built of brick, at a cost of $ 11, 000, and very similar to the previous courthouse, the new Courthouse began serving the county in the Fall of 1853.

At age eleven, Degas ( in adulthood he abandoned the more pretentious spelling of the family name ) began his schooling with enrollment in the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, graduating in 1853 with a baccalauréat in literature.

Camp Elizabeth began as a Texas Rangers camp circa 1853.

In 1853, at the precocious age of 15, Perkin entered the Royal College of Chemistry in London ( now part of Imperial College London ), where he began his studies under August Wilhelm von Hofmann.

The height of mining activity in Forest Hill began in 1853 after a winter landslide at the head of Jenny Lind Canyon exposed numerous nuggets of gold.

On May 23, 1853 rail service began, and postal service began.

From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d ' affairs ( 1853 – 1858 ) in Naples, Italy, where he began studying spiritualism.

The village began with a store built in 1853 operated by Silas C. Hall, who also became the first postmaster in 1857.

Also in 1853, a circuit-riding preacher began holding services in the new settlement.

Rebuilding efforts began in 1853, with a small church.

In August 1853, the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, and Colorado Railway ( BBB & C ), began operating its first twenty miles ( 32 km ) of rail line that stretched from Harrisburg ( now Houston ) to Stafford's Point ( now Stafford ).

A settlement called Stafford's Point established itself around the plantation ; it became a townsite in August 1853 when the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway began stopping at Stafford's Point.

After Stanton and most women's rights organizers began abandoning their bloomers and returning to long skirts in 1853, Stone and a few others held out.

Trade links with the rest of the Australian states were established with the Murray River being successfully navigated in 1853 by Francis Cadell, an Adelaide resident.

This, along with European diseases, so impacted the Nicoleños, that by 1853, only one living Nicoleña person remained.

During his time there, Doppler, along with Franz Unger, played an influential role in the development of young Gregor Mendel, known as the founding father of genetics, who was a student at the University of Vienna from 1851 to 1853.

In Bendigo in 1853, an Anti-Gold Licence Association was formed and the miners were apparently on the brink of an armed clash with authorities.

In 1853, gold was discovered in the interior, precipitating border disputes with Brazil and Suriname ( these were later settled in 1891, 1899 and 1915, though a small region of the border with Suriname is still disputed ).

Witness his monographs on the vowel system in th Teutonic languages ( 1836 ), on the Celtic languages ( 1839 ), on the Old Prussian ( 1853 ) and Albanian languages ( Über das Albanesische in seinen verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen, Vienna, 1854 ), on the accent in Sanskrit and Greek ( 1854 ), on the relationship of the Malayo-Polynesian with the Indo-European languages ( 1840 ), and on the Caucasian languages ( 1846 ).

It was not until 1854 that Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851 – 1853, promulgated the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus ( Latin for " Ineffable God "), which defined ex cathedra the dogma of the Immaculate Conception:

In 1845 Millet moved to Le Havre with Catherine Lemaire, whom he would marry in a civil ceremony in 1853 ; they would have nine children, and remain together for the rest of Millet's life.

When Congress reconvened on December 5, 1853, this group, termed the “ F Street Mess ”, along with Virginian William O. Goode, formed the nucleus that would insist on slaveholder equality in Nebraska.

On February 22, 1853, the City of Kansas was created with a newly elected mayor.

A treaty had been signed with the Boer of Griqualand in 1843 and an agreement made with the British in 1853 following a minor war.

Charlotte Brontë's Villette in 1853 initiated a genre of boarding school stories with homoerotic themes.

* 1853 – Emilie Kempin-Spyri, first woman in Switzerland to graduate with a law degree ( d. 1901 )

As an example, in the 1853 Crimean War, the Ottomans united with Britain, France, and the Kingdom of Sardinia against Russia.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* SS Republic of 1853, a ship lost in an 1865 hurricane with a large cargo of gold coins

‪ File: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. jpg ‬| Hendrik Lorentz ( 1853 – 1928 ): clarified electromagnetic theory of light, shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect, developed concept of local time, derived the transformation equations subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time .‬‬‬