Howland Island was uninhabited when the United States took possession of it in 1857 under the Guano Islands Act of 1856.

An active abolitionist, Howland taught at Normal School for Colored Girls in Washington, D. C. from 1857 to 1859.

Mr. Justice Taney's Dred Scott decision in 1857 was unpopular in the North, and soon became a dead letter.

He graduated from Harvard University in 1855, subsequently studying engineering and chemistry, and taking the degree of bachelor of science at the Lawrence scientific school of the same institution in 1857 ; and in 1859 became an assistant in the United States Coast Survey.

On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856 / 1857, he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints.

In 1857, the king had a stroke and his brother William became regent, then became King William I in 1861.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

In 1912, Henry Ernest Cooper ( 1857 – 1929 ) acquired William Ringer's property rights to Palmyra and, after a challenge in court, he became the sole owner of the atoll.

* The Burnside carbine: Invented by future general Ambrose Burnside in 1857, this percussion-cap carbine became the third-most common cavalry breechloader in the Civil War after the Sharps and Spencer.

* June 21 – Battle of Bomarsund in the Åland Islands ( which later became part of Finland-in 1920 :) The Royal Navy seaman's mate Charles D. Lucas throws a live Russian artillery shell overboard by hand before it explodes, for which he was awarded the first Victoria Cross in 1857.

Catherine Clinton suggests that anger over the 1857 Dred Scott decision may have prompted Tubman to return to the U. S. Her land in Auburn became a haven for Tubman's family and friends.

Dickens's racism, like that of many Englishmen, became markedly worse after the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 in India.

In 1857, he became principal of the Institute.

Ballet took root in Russia after its importation from France, and classical music became firmly established with the compositions of Mikhail Glinka ( 1804 – 1857 ).

Salem was founded in 1842, became the capital of the Oregon Territory in 1851, and was incorporated in 1857.

Salem incorporated as a city in 1857 and with the coming of statehood in 1859 became the state capital.

Under the ownership of James Johnstone The Standard became a morning paper from 29 June 1857, with The Evening Standard being published from 11 June 1859.

On March 19, 1857, it became part of the newly created Union County.

In 1857, La Porteña became the first locomotive to operate in Argentina.

Waterloo was incorporated as a village in 1857 and became the Town of Waterloo in 1876 and the City of Waterloo in 1948.

A new liberal constitution, the Constitution of 1857, was promulgated, under which Juárez became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice, under moderado ( moderate ) president Ignacio Comonfort.

Meanwhile, under the terms of the 1857 Constitution, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice became interim President until a new election could be held-Juárez was thus acknowledged as President by liberals on 15 January 1858 and assumed leadership of the Liberal side on the civil war known as the Reform War ( Guerra de Reforma ).

McClellan resigned his commission January 16, 1857, and, capitalizing on his experience with railroad assessment, became chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad and also president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1860.

The eastern portion of Lyme ( bordering the town of Waterford ) separated from Lyme and became East Lyme in 1823, and the southern portion of Lyme ( along Long Island Sound ) separated as South Lyme in 1855 ( renamed to Old Lyme in 1857 ).

In 1857 he was President of the Bradford Chamber of Commerce, and served as Liberal Member of Parliament for Bradford from 1859 until he retired through ill health on 1 February 1861.

Watkin served as a Liberal Member of Parliament for the constituencies of Great Yarmouth ( 1857 – 1858 ) Stockport ( 1864 – 1868 ) and later that of Hythe in Kent ( 1874 – 1895 ).

* Martin White ( politician ) ( 1857 – 1928 ), full name James Martin White, businessman and Member of Parliament for Forfar, 1895 – 1897

* James White ( English politician ) ( 1809 – 1883 ), Member of Parliament for Plymouth, 1857 – 1859, and Brighton, 1860 – 1874

Charles Edward Kingsford Smith was born on 9 February 1897 in Hamilton ( a suburb of Brisbane ), Queensland, Australia, and was the youngest of seven children of William Charles Smith ( 1852 – 1930 ), a bank manager, and Catherine Mary Kingsford ( 1857 – 1938 ), daughter of Richard Ash Kingsford, a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.

In 1857, he was elected Member of Parliament for Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada as a member of the Conservative Party.

He finally entered the House of Commons in 1857 as Member of Parliament for Northamptonshire North, at the end of the year, having made several unsuccessful attempts previously.

Marlborough was Member of Parliament for Woodstock from 1844 to 1845 and again from 1847 to 1857, when he succeeded his father in the dukedom and entered the House of Lords.

A Whig, he was Member of Parliament for Downton from 1830 to 1831, for Hampshire from 1831 to 1832 and for North Hampshire from 1832 to 1857.

He sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby and was an Irish Representative Peer in the House of Lords from 1857 to 1874.

He served as a Member of Parliament for Truro 1852 – 7, Glamorganshire 1857 – 85 and Swansea District 1885 – 93.

McClintock was appointed High Sheriff of Louth in 1840 and elected Member of Parliament for County Louth in 1857, a seat he held until 1859.

* Sir Roger Palmer, 5th Baronet, Member of the UK Parliament for Mayo, 1857 – 1865

* Charles Edward Price ( 1857 – 1934 ), British Member of Parliament for Edinburgh Central, 1924 – 1929

Bovill became a Queen's Counsel ( QC ) in 1855, and on 28 March 1857 was elected Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Guildford.

Buckingham served as Member of Parliament from 1846 to 1857, when he resigned.

* 10 September-Patrick Stone, Member of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly ( born 1857 ).

* William Wells ( 1818 – 1889 ), British Liberal Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Beverley, 1852 – 1857, and Peterborough, 1874 – 1874

He was Member of Parliament for Dartmouth from 1857 – 59 and for Stirling Burghs from 1859-65.

* William Cox ( UK politician ) ( 1817 – 1889 ), Member of Parliament for Finsbury 1857 – 1859, 1861 – 1865

In 1841 he was elected Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Reading, a seat he held until 1847, and then represented Dover from 1852 to 1857.

* Sir John Ennis, 1st Baronet ( 1809 – 1878 ), Member of Parliament for Athlone, 1857 – 1865

He was the sixth son of William Henry Hornby, a cotton mill proprietor and director of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway who was Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Blackburn from 1857 to 1865.

Initially a Liberal, Lord Bury was elected Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Norwich in 1857, and later represented Wick Burghs from 1860 to 1865 and Berwick-upon-Tweed from 1868 to 1874.