The first census was in 1857 when what is now Croatia was part of Austrian Empire.

** In the former doge-state Venice, and while it was a republic resisting annexation by either the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia or the Austrian empire, a former Chief Executive ( president, 23 March 18485 July 1848 ), Daniele Manin ( b. 1804-d. 1857 ), was styled Dictator 11 – 13 August 1848 before joining the 13 August 1848-7 March 1849 Triumvirate.

* 1791 – Carl Czerny, Austrian composer ( d. 1857 )

* 1857 – Wilhelm Kienzl, Austrian composer ( d. 1941 )

** Carl Czerny, Austrian composer ( d. 1857 )

* September 27 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1857 )

It was placed under Russian administration between 1828 and the Crimean War, with an interlude during the Bucharest-centred 1848 Wallachian revolution, and an Austrian garrison took possession after the Russian departure ( remaining in the city until March 1857 ).

The construction of the first major trunk railway in the Empire, the Vienna-Trieste Austrian Southern Railway, was completed in 1857, a valuable asset for trade and the supply of coal.

The first was the English Alpine Club ( founded in the winter of 1857 – 1858 ), followed in 1862 by the Austrian Alpine Club ( which in 1873 was fused, under the name of the German and Austrian Alpine Club, with the German Alpine Club, founded in 1869 ), in 1863 by the Italian and Swiss Alpine Clubs, and in 1874 by the French Alpine Club, not to mention numerous minor societies of more local character.

In 1857 Elisabeth visited Hungary for the first time with her husband and two daughters, and it left a deep and lasting impression upon her, probably because in Hungary she found a welcome respite from the constraints of Austrian court life.

Carl Czerny (; 21 February 179115 July 1857 ) was an Austrian pianist, composer and teacher.

In 1857, he also published an account of his prison experiences in English under the title of The Austrian Dungeons in Italy, which led to a rupture between him and Mazzini.

* Austrian diplomat and statesman Count Charles-Louis de Ficquelmont ( 1777 – 1857 ), resided at his daughter's castle in Teplice

His French language political pamphlets, Mémoire sur l ' empire d ' Autriche dans la question d ' Orient (" Account of the Austrian Empire in the Oriental Issue ", 1855 ), Réflexions sur la situation (" Musings on the Situation ", 1856 ), Mémoire sur la situation de la Moldavie depuis le traité de Paris (" Account on Moldavia's Situation After the Treaty of Paris ", 1857 ), and La Question religieuse en Roumanie (" The Religious Issue in Romania ", 1866 ), were all published in Paris.

He returned to working for Austria in 1840, and until 1857 was inspector for the Austrian Northern Railway and the Austrian state railways.

* Carl Czerny ( 1791 − 1857 ), Austrian pianist, composer and teacher

In 1857, the Austrian Emperor allowed a new system of numbering by streets.

Julius Wagner-Jauregg ( until 1919 Julius Wagner Ritter von Jauregg, March 7, 1857 Wels, Upper Austria – September 27, 1940 Vienna ) was an Austrian physician, Nobel Laureate, and Nazi supporter.

Ludwig Ritter von Höhnel ( 6 August 1857, Preßburg – 23 March 1942, Vienna ) was an Austrian naval officer and explorer.

By using hachuring as a basis for his Karte des Österreichischen Kaiserstaates zur Übersicht der Dichtigkeit der Bevölkerung nach dem Census von 1857 ( Map of the Austrian imperial state as an overview of the population density after the 1857 census, 1860 ) and the map Die Ausdehnung der Slaven in der Türkei und den angrenzenden Gebieten ( Expansion of the Slavic populations in Turkey and adjacent territories, 1869 ) Petermann continued the representation of geological, climatological and ethnographical data that his teacher Heinrich Berghaus had begun two decades before.

Although the Pivka region has been a strategically important location since ancient times, it became even more important with the construction of the Vienna-Trieste railway ( the Austrian Southern Railway ) in 1857 and the Št.

* Albin van Hoonacker ( 1857 – 1933 ) Catholic theologian and Biblical scholar

The British scholar and theologian Tregelles published his own version in 1846, which was reissued in 1857 with special warnings in a section " To The Student " about scholarly attacks on Christianity and the dangers of Gesenius ' rationalism.

In 1857 he became tutor and his fame as a scholar grew.

Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie ( 12 August 1774 – 8 September 1857 ) was a French classical scholar.

He took his master's and doctor's degree in 1857 as a scholar of chemistry and geology, specializing in iron and copper-mining.

As the Victorian scholar Patrick Brantlinger notes in his introduction to She: " Little that Haggard witnessed matched the romantic depictions of ' the dark continent ' in boys ' adventure novels, in the press, and even in such bestselling explorers ' journals as David Livingstone's Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa ( 1857 ).

Joseph Bosworth ( 1789 – 1876 ), scholar of Old English, was parish priest of St. Giles from 1857.

Caroline Augusta Foley Rhys Davids ( 1857 – 1942 ) was an English Pāli language scholar and translator, and from 1923-1942 president of the Pali Text Society which was founded by her husband T. W. Rhys Davids whom she married in 1894.

John Mitchell Kemble ( 1807-26 March 1857 ), English scholar and historian, was the eldest son of Charles Kemble the actor and Maria Theresa Kemble.

He was a sound classical scholar, and published A Critical History of the Language and Literature of Ancient Greece in five volumes between 1850 and 1857 ).

* John-Baptist Hoffmann ( 1857 – 1928 ), German Jesuit, anthropologist and Munda scholar

Andrew Ure ( 18 May 1778 – 2 January 1857 ) was a Scottish doctor, scholar and chemist.

( September 8, 1857 – 1932 ), American Sanskrit scholar, was born in Northampton, Massachusetts.

* Andrew Ure, ( 1778 – 1857 ), Scottish doctor, scholar and chemist

Liu E (, 18 October 1857 — 23 August 1909 ), courtesy name /" zì ": " Tieyun " ( T ' ieh-yün ) ( 鐵雲 ), was a Chinese scholar, entrepreneur, and writer of the late Qing era.

* Otto Crusius ( 1857 – 1918 ), German classical scholar

Perhaps the most important German speaking Celticist is the Swiss scholar Rudolf Thurneysen ( 1857 – 1940 ).

He attended the Collegiate Institute of Belgium in Brussels, and left his home in 1857 with three of his brothers for St Louis ; Johann, who established a brewery in Washington, Missouri, Ulrich, Jr, who married another daughter of Eberhard Anheuser and settled in Chicago and Anton, a hops dealer that later returned home to Mainz.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, some British officials suggested restoring Peshawar to Dost Mohammad, in return for his support against the rebellious sepoys of the Bengal Army, but this view was rejected by British political officers on the North West frontier, who believed that Dost Mohammad would see this as a sign of weakness and turn against the British.

In 1856, before it was even opened, it was suggested that the WSMR should be extended to Minehead instead of the WSR and an Act of Parliament for this work was passed on 27 July 1857 but it was never constructed.

" Speculating about the origins of this 1857 legend, Liliane Kandel and Françoise Picq suggested it was likely that ( in recent times ) some felt it opportune to detach International Women's Day from its basis in Soviet history and ascribe to it a more " international " origin which could be painted as more ancient than Bolshevism and more spontaneous than a decision of Congress or the initiative of those women affiliated to the Party.

German master Alexander Fritz ( 1857 – 1932 ) suggested 5 ... Nd4 to Carl Schlechter, who wrote about the idea in a 1904 issue of Deutsche Schachzeitung.

In 1857 the versatile English Orientalist William Henry Fox Talbot suggested that an undeciphered cuneiform text be given to several different Assyriologists to translate.

Bond took the first photograph of a star in 1850 ( Vega ) and of a double star in 1857 ( Mizar ); suggested photography could be used to measure a star's magnitude ; and discovered numerous comets and calculated their orbits.

It was the year 1857 when the idea was suggested by William Andrew ( Chairman of Scinde, Punjab and Delhi Railway ) that the railways to the Bolan Pass would have strategic role in responding to any threat by Russia.

It is suggested to have been written in 1857 but did not appear in print until his Carols, Hymns and Song in 1863.

Whoever first suggested the present method, which may have owed something to a report presented to the British House of Commons on 15 May 1857, it was Torrens and a German lawyer Dr. Ulrich Hubbe ( with a knowledge of the real property laws of the Hanse Towns ), who put it into practical shape, and fought it through parliament in spite of violent opposition from the legal profession.

Some sources have suggested that in 1857 both Robertson and Felice Beato went to India to photograph the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion, but it is more probable that Beato travelled there alone.