Its banner was again picked up by the Avar Imam Shamil, who fought against the Russians from 1834 until 1859.

The Russians in 1859 offered to sell the territory to the United States, hoping that its presence in the region would offset the plans of Russia ’ s greatest regional rival, Great Britain.

When two Duma delegates, Grigori Borisovich Iollos ( Poltava province ) and Mikhail Herzenstein ( b. 1859, d. 1906 in Terijoki ), both from the Constitutional Democratic Party, were assassinated by the Black Hundreds terrorists, the organ of Black Hundreds Russkoe Znamya declared openly that " Real Russians assassinated Herzenstein and Iollos with knowledge of officials, and expresses regret that only two Jews perished in crusade against revolutionaries.

Hopes that a Giray from the Caucasus would return to liberate Crimea continued until the very conquest of North Caucasus by the Russians in 1859.

Imam Shamil, leader of the Chechen and Daghestani tribes, made his last stand against the Russians at Gunib, where he gave himself up to the Russian commander, Prince Alexander Baryatinsky, on August 25, 1859.

He first joined the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in 1840 then had in the interim joined a Masonic Lodge and become extremely active in the affairs of the organization, being elected Sovereign Grand Commander of the Scottish Rite's Southern Jurisdiction in 1859.

Meanwhile, also in 1859, he had been made professor ordinarius of theology and of Biblical paleography, this latter professorship being specially created for him ; and another book of travel, Aus dem heiligen Lande, appeared in 1862.

The independent Princedom of Serbia, had conducted the first population census in 1834 ; the subsequent censuses were conducted in 1841, 1843, 1846, 1850, 1854, 1859, 1863 and 1866 and 1874.

The earlier ships were made from wood, though some were made from iron, just as some British clippers had been made from iron prior to 1859.

A reviewer concluded that Stickel brought forward every possible argument which would speak for that hypothesis, but he proved the opposite of what he had attempted to do ( Johannes Gildemeister in ZDMG 13, 1859, 289 – 304 ).

This last aspect of Erewhon reveals the influence of Charles Darwin's evolution theory ; Butler had read On the Origin of Species soon after it was published in 1859.

For example, at the time that Darwin first published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection ( 1859 ), no remains of human ancestors had yet been found.

For him, the fact that his theory gave a straightforward explanation of the anomalous perihelion shift of the planet Mercury, discovered earlier by Urbain Le Verrier in 1859, was important evidence that he had at last identified the correct form of the gravitational field equations.

By the 1830s mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology had emerged with world class science, led by Alexander von Humboldt ( 1769 – 1859 ) in natural science and Carl Friedrich Gauss ( 1777 – 1855 ) in mathematics.

This defense was first used by U. S. Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York in 1859 after he had killed his wife's lover, Philip Barton Key, but was most used during the 1940s and 1950s.

Not until engraver Orlando Jewitt, who had done work for Carroll before in 1859 and had reviewed Carroll ’ s illustrations for Wonderland, had suggested employment of a professional draughtsman did Carroll look to find an outside artist.

He also started a business partnership with John Ellsler, manager of the Cleveland Academy of Music, and another friend, Thomas Mears, to develop oil wells in northwestern Pennsylvania, where an oil boom had started in August 1859, following Edwin Drake's discovery of oil there.

Studies of Charles Darwin's notebooks have shown that Darwin arrived separately at the idea of natural selection which he set out in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, but it has been speculated that he may have had some half-forgotten memory from his time as a student in Edinburgh of ideas of selection in nature as set out by Hutton, and by William Charles Wells and Patrick Matthew who had both been associated with the city before publishing their ideas on the topic early in the 19th century.

In 1859, the tonnage of foreign shipping calling at Zanzibar had reached 19, 000 tons.

The northern provinces had remained loyal to the Emperor, and hoping to avoid a civil war, Sun Yat-Sen – already proclaimed " provisional president " by his supporters – had come to a compromise with the Emperor's key ally Yuan Shikai ( 1859 – 1916 ); the monarchy would be abolished, and Late Imperial China would be converted into a new Republic of China, but it would be the royalist Yuan and not the revolutionary Sun who would become its first President.

Henri Bergson ( 1859 – 1941 ), on the other hand, emphasized the difference between scientific, clock time and the direct, subjective, human experience of time His work on time and consciousness " had a great influence on twentieth-century novelists ," especially those modernists who used the stream of consciousness technique, such as Dorothy Richardson, Pointed Roofs, ( 1915 ), James Joyce, Ulysses ( 1922 ) and Virginia Woolf ( 1882 – 1941 ) Mrs Dalloway ( 1925 ), To the Lighthouse ( 1927 ).

Bismarck, Roon and Moltke took charge at a time when relations among the Great Powers — Great Britain, France, Austria and Russia — had been shattered by the Crimean War of 1854 – 55 and the Italian War of 1859.

Standing alongside the Weinhaus Rheingold's Potsdamer Straße entrance, this five-storey steel-framed edifice had been erected as an office building in 1907-8 by architect and one-time Berlin inspector of buildings Otto Stahn ( 1859 – 1930 ), who was also responsible for the city's Oberbaumbrücke over the River Spree.

The modern Liberal Party had been founded in 1859 as an outgrowth of the Whig movement or party ( which began at the same time as the Tory party and was its historical rival ) as well as the Radical and Peelite tendencies.

By 1859, the University had moved to its current site in the Sydney suburb of Camperdown.

He had also served as Chancellor of the Exchequer four times ( 1853 – 1855, 1859 – 1866, 1873 – 1874, and 1880 – 1882 ).

They were built for the China tea trade and began with the Falcon in 1859, and finished with the last ships built in 1870.

The Turkish Bath, finished in a rectangular format in 1859, was revised in 1860 before being turned into a tondo.

The school term started in 1858 ( although the building does not appear to have been finished until 1859 ), when 99 children from 3 – 13 years old were entered.

Construction was finished in 1859 by Luther and William H. Trescott.

There are two towers, the South Tower ( the only tower preserved of the medieval castle, having been erected in 1318 and which has the dungeon ; and the bergfried ( finished in 1859, partially incorporating the foundations of its medieval predecessor, and which has the landmark four-meter Latin cross at its top.

* The Neues Museum ( New Museum ) finished in 1859 according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler, a student of Schinkel.

In 1859, he traveled westward in the company of Frederick W. Lander, a land surveyor for the U. S. government, returning with sketches that would result in numerous finished paintings.

This project was finished by the time Cutter graduated in 1859.

The line was finished on December 9, 1859 and opened for passengers the following week.

When the contract was finished, the Penningtons moved west to Calabasas, along the Santa Cruz River, and had taken up residence in the former home of Governor Manuel Maria Gandara by September 1859.

The club was initially formed as Forest Football Club in 1859 by a number of former public school pupils, including C. W. Alcock, who had finished his education at Harrow School in the same year.

In 1859 he attended the execution of John Brown at Charles Town, purchasing a number of the pikes with which Brown had planned to arm slaves as part of his abortive slave revolt, which started and finished at Harper's Ferry earlier that year.

When he had finished his travels in the Middle East in 1859, he opened the firm of Francis Frith & Co. in Reigate, Surrey, as the world's first specialist photographic publisher.

In 1859, George Parr's All England Eleven of professional cricketers played the United States XXII at Hoboken, easily defeating the local competition.

Dennison was elected to the governorship in 1859, defeating Rufus P. Ranney, and served a single term from 1860 to 1862.

John Letcher was elected as Governor of Virginia in 1859, defeating Whig candidate William L. Goggin, and served from 1860 – 1864.

He was elected Governor of Delaware in 1854, defeating William Burton, the Democratic candidate and served from January 16, 1855 until January 18, 1859.