* 1861 – Charles Duryea, American automobile pioneer ( d. 1938 )

* 1861 – Charles Edouard Guillaume, French physicist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1938 )

Sir Charles FitzRoy ( Governor of New South Wales from 1846 – 1855 ) and Sir William Denison ( Governor of New South Wales from 1855 – 1861 ) also carried the additional title of Governor-General because their jurisdiction extended to other colonies in Australia.

* 1861 – Charles Martin Loeffler, German composer ( d. 1935 )

* Charles Dickens ' novel, Great Expectations ( first published in serial form in the publication All the Year Round from 1 December 1860 to August 1861 ), contains a reference in chapter 48 to a couple having been married " over the broomstick.

The second French school was Symbolism, which literary historians see beginning with the poet Charles Baudelaire ( 1861 – 67 ) ( Les fleurs du mal, 1857 ), and including the later poets, Arthur Rimbaud ( 1854 – 91 ), Paul Verlaine ( 1844 – 96 ), Stéphane Mallarmé ( 1842 – 98 ), and Paul Valéry ( 1871 – 1945 ).

Process theology or process thought is a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead ( 1861 – 1947 ) and further developed by Charles Hartshorne ( 1897 – 2000 ).

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In 1861, the decorative arts firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co .( later described by Nicholas Pevsner as the ' beginning of a new era in Western art ') was founded with Morris, Rossetti, Burne-Jones, Ford Madox Brown and Philip Webb as partners, together with Charles Faulkner and Peter Paul Marshall, the former of whom was a member of the Oxford Brotherhood, and the latter a friend of Brown and Rossetti.

** Charles Martin Loeffler, American composer ( b. 1861 )

It appears in Charles Dickens's 1861 novel Great Expectations, as the only card game Pip, the book's protagonist, as a child seems to know how to play.

In 1861, Edward transferred to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was tutored in history by Charles Kingsley, Regius Professor of Modern History.

Process theology or process thought is a school of thought influenced by the metaphysical process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead ( 1861 – 1947 ) and further developed by Charles Hartshorne ( 1897 – 2000 ).

* Syms Covington ( c. 1816 – 1861 ), assistant to Charles Darwin

* Charles Russell Lowell, Sr. ( 1782 – 1861 ), Unitarian pastor, son of The Old Judge, father of James Russell, and great-great grandfather of Robert Lowell

Charles Taze Russell was born to Scottish-Irish parents, immigrant Joseph Lytel () Russell ( d. December 17, 1897 ) and Ann Eliza Birney ( d. January 25, 1861 ), on February 16, 1852 in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, USA.

The window of the Four Evangelists over the northwest door is a memorial to Charles Empson, who died in 1861.

Thereafter it shared the fate of the Kingdom of Naples — including the period of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of Charles V, overlooking modern Crotone, serves as a reminder — and its successor, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was conquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860 and incorporated into the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

* Charles Martin Loeffler ( 1861 – 1935 )

* Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin ( 1818 – 1861 ), pretender to the throne of Spain, styled " Charles VI " by Carlists

* Charles Loeffler ( 1861 – 1935 ) American

The 1861 Martenet map depicts the rural setting of Riversdale and identifies Charles B. Calvert as owner.

* Duryea brothers, Charles Duryea ( 1861 – 1938 ) and Frank Duryea ( 1869 – 1967 ), were the first to build an automobile in the United States

Charles K. Landis purchased of land in 1861, near Millville, New Jersey, and along an existing railroad line with service to Philadelphia, to create his own alcohol-free utopian society based on agriculture and progressive thinking.

The act of the Confederate Congress that created the Confederate Navy on February 21, 1861 also appointed Stephen Mallory as Secretary of the Department of the Navy.

With the aid of his advocate in Washington, DC, Elihu B. Washburne, Grant was promoted to Colonel by Governor Richard Yates on June 14, 1861, and put in charge of the unruly Twenty-first Illinois volunteer regiment.

" On June 26, 1860, Flora gave birth to a son, Philip St. George Cooke Stuart, but his father changed the name to James Ewell Brown Stuart, Jr. (" Jimmie "), in late 1861 out of disgust with his father-in-law.

* 1861 – William Wrigley, Jr., American businessman, founded Wrigley Company ( d. 1932 )

* January 26 – William Wrigley Jr., American chewing gum industrialist ( b. 1861 )

* February 8 – Barnard Elliott Bee, Jr., Confederate general ( d. 1861 )

George Smith Patton Jr. was born in San Gabriel, California in 1885, to George Smith Patton Sr. ( 1856 – 1927 ) and his wife Ruth Wilson ( 1861 – 1928 ), daughter of Benjamin Davis Wilson.

Frederick and Mary had two children together who survived infancy: a daughter, Marion ( born October 28, 1861 ) and a son Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. Their first child, John Theodore Olmsted, was born on June 13, 1860 and died in infancy.

The Edwards-Gray feud, which grew out of the settlement of the estate of Edward Dewitt Edwards Jr., exploded in 1861.

In September, 1861 Captain William Piney and 14 members of the " Olentangy Reserves " mustered into Company E of Thomas Worthington Jr .' s 46th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which trained at Camp Lyon on the old Worthington Manufacturing Co. site southwest of the village.

Benjamin and Elizabeth had seven more daughters ( Margaret ( 1760 – 1824 ), Juliana ( 1765 – 1845 ), Henrietta ( 1767 – 1848 ), Sophia ( 1769 – 1841 ), Maria ( 1771 – 1840 ), Harriet ( 1775 – 1861 ), and Catherine ( 1779 – 1831 )) and two sons ( Benjamin Jr. ( 1758 – 1844 ) and Joseph ( 1763 – 1764 )).

Main Building, built in 1861 by renowned architect James Renwick, Jr., had the most interior space of any building in the United States, until the US Capitol was completed in 1868.

In 1861, Linus Yale, Jr. was inspired by the original 1840s pin-tumbler lock designed by his father, thus inventing and patenting a smaller flat key with serrated edges as well as pins of varying lengths within the lock itself, the same design of the pin-tumbler lock which still remains in use today.

" Holmes also had a personal stake in the war: his oldest son, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., enlisted in the Army against his father's wishes in April 1861 and was injured three times in battle, including a gunshot wound in his chest at the Battle of Ball's Bluff in October 1861.

In 1861, Estrada sold the rancho to Martin Murphy Jr. ( 1807-1884 ) and his wife Mary Bulger Murphy ( d. 1892 ) of Sunnyvale, who had come to California with the Stephens-Townsend-Murphy Party in 1844.

* Linus Yale, Jr. improved upon his father's lock in 1861, using a smaller, flat key with serrated edges that is the basis of modern pin-tumbler locks.

* Alexander, b & d 1853 ; Ellen Day, 1854 – 1939 ; Arthur, 1859 – 1939 ; Charles Alexander, 1861 – 1867 ; Edward Everett, Jr., 1863 – 1932 ; Philip Leslie, 1865 – 1931 ; Herbert Dudley, 1866 – 1908 ; Henry Kidder, 1868 – 1876 ; Robert Beverly, 1869-1895.

John Jr. quit his studies at St. Charles College in July 1861 and became a courier for the Confederate Secret Service, moving messages, cash, and contraband back and forth across enemy lines.

* Poland, Jr., Charles P. The Glories Of War: Small Battles and Early Heroes Of 1861.

In 1861, inventor Linus Yale Jr. introduced the modern combination lock.

In early 1861, Campbell served as a mediator between William H. Seward, Simon Cameron, and the three Confederate commissioners Martin Crawford, Andre Roman, and John Forsyth, Jr ..

* Richard Henry Dana, Jr. ( 1861 – 1866 )

** Nicholas Davis, Jr. ( took his seat on 29 April 1861 – Elected to fill vacancy )

* Poland, Jr., Charles P. The Glories Of War: Small Battles and Early Heroes Of 1861.

Facundo and Amalia went on to have a number of children, many of whom would play important parts in building the rum business for which the family became famous: Emilio was born in 1844, Juan in 1846, Facundo Jr. in 1848, María in 1851, José in 1857, and Amalia Jr. in 1861.