In 1861, Mr. Brown's attention was called to yet another basic production problem -- the manufacture of twist drills.

Many people seem hopeful, yet it is difficult to predict whether or not there will be any more real attainment of Christian unity in 1961 than there was in 1861.

Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

From the early 1830s, Lincoln was a steadfast Whig and professed to friends in 1861 to be, " an old line Whig, a disciple of Henry Clay ".

On February 23, 1861, he arrived in disguise in Washington, D. C., which was placed under substantial military guard.

" The failure of the Peace Conference of 1861 signaled that legislative compromise was implausible.

President Lincoln rejected two geographically limited emancipation attempts by Major General John C. Frémont in August 1861 and by Major General David Hunter in May 1862, on the grounds that it was not within their power, and it would upset the border states loyal to the Union.

Nevertheless, in 1861, Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms ( the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree ), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a republican form of government in every state.

It was accepted by the War Department on May 6, 1861, effective May 3.

On September 10, 1861, Johnston was assigned to command the huge area of the Confederacy west of the Allegheny Mountains, except for coastal areas.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861 – 62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign.

It was the mutual bond and obligation between monarch and subjects, whereby subjects are called his liege subjects, because they are bound to obey and serve him ; and he is called their liege lord, because he should maintain and defend them ( Ex parte Anderson ( 1861 ) 3 El & El 487 ; 121 ER 525 ; China Navigation Co v Attorney-General ( 1932 ) 48 TLR 375 ; Attorney-General v Nissan 1 All ER 629 ; Oppenheimer v Cattermole 3 All ER 1106 ).

Although it had at first been somewhat established in many colonies, in 1861 it was ruled that, except where specifically established, the Church of England had just the same legal position as any other church.

Doubleday was promoted to major on May 14, 1861, and commanded the Artillery Department in the Shenandoah Valley from June to August, and then the artillery for Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks's division of the Army of the Potomac.

Mackenzie was elected to the Legislative Assembly as a supporter of George Brown in 1861.

* Assault with intent to resist arrest: under section 7 ( 1 )( b ); this offence was formerly created by s. 38 of the OAPA 1861.

When Tennessee seceded from the Union in 1861, Johnson was a Democratic U. S. Senator from Tennessee and was dedicated to Jacksonian Democracy, nationalism and limited government.

He was the 996th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, the 104th Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword in 1861 and the 775th Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1881.

In spring 1861, Carnegie was appointed by Scott, who was now Assistant Secretary of War in charge of military transportation, as Superintendent of the Military Railways and the Union Government's telegraph lines in the East.

Anne's father, Patrick Brontë ( 1777 – 1861 ), was born in a two-room cottage in Emdale, Loughbrickland, County Down, Ireland.

Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol ( December 8, 1861 – September 27, 1944 ) was a French Catalan sculptor, painter, and printmaker.

In 1835, Methodist Episcopal settlers established Albion College, which was known by a few other names before 1861 when the college was fully authorized to confer four-year degrees on both men and women.

* 1861 – Jefferson Davis is notified by telegraph that he has been chosen as provisional President of the Confederate States of America.

The sites chosen were the Elisha Sharp House ( also known as the Sharp-Wasson-Worth House, c. 1825 ), the Stewart House ( 1830 ), the R. H. Johnson Stable, the Mount Zion church and Cemetery ( 1830 ), Zeigler's Mill ( 1850, previously Gettys Mill ), the Washington Ferry ( 1808 ), the Pisah Church ( 1818 ), the old gymnasium ( c. 1822 ), the old Meigs County Courthouse ( 1904 ), the old Volunteer Electric Cooperative BUilding ( 1935 ), the Ashley House ( 1885 ), and the Sam Eaves Store ( c. 1861 ).

In Toronto, Canada the gauge for TTC subways and streetcars was chosen in 1861, years after the establishment of ' standard gauge ' in Britain, but well before ' standard gauge ' in the US and Canada.

He was chosen in 1861 to be the first envoy of France to the king of Italy, but he resigned his post next year on the retirement of Édouard Thouvenel, who had been his patron, when the anti-Italian party began to gain the ascendancy at Paris.

At a conference on July 9, 1861, it was recorded that twelve of their number were chosen and called by the Holy Spirit to be apostles.

After serving as North Carolina Attorney General and as a member of the North Carolina General Assembly, he was chosen as one of the three commissioners from North Carolina to the Confederate government at Montgomery, Alabama in 1861.

On May 27, 1861, Crittenden was chosen chair of the convention and called it to order.

The only CSA presidential election took place on November 6, 1861, when electors for the electoral college were chosen in each state.

Twice in November 1861 Ross was chosen by General McCulloch, with whom he had served in the Texas Rangers, to lead a scouting force near Springfield, Missouri.

Members of the First Confederate Congress were chosen in elections mostly held on 6 November 1861.

When Jefferson Davis formed his first cabinet, Memminger was chosen as Secretary of the Treasury on February 21, 1861.

Bartow was chosen to represent Georgia in the Confederate Provisional Congress at Montgomery, Alabama, starting February 4, 1861.

In the following year he returned to Italy, and, in 1860 he was elected deputy to the parliament of Piedmont-Sardinia in Turin ( the original seat of the House of Savoy government ), and was chosen the body's vice-president in 1861, when the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed.

Following the November 1861 election, Davis announced the permanent cabinet in March 1862.

The first permanent color photograph was taken in 1861 using the three-color-separation principle first published by physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1855.

In 1861, David Millspaw became the first permanent settler in the area of what was to become Aurora.

The first permanent settler in the La Grande area was Benjamin Brown in 1861.

The first permanent color photograph, taken by James Clerk Maxwell in 1861.

He was promoted to brigadier general effective September 3, 1861, and given permanent command of his brigade.

On March 6 and 9, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress passed additional military legislation and established a more permanent Confederate States Army.

The provisional, volunteer army was established by an act of the Confederate Congress passed February 28, 1861, one week before the act which established the permanent regular army organization, passed March 6, 1861.

* Ugolin et ses fils ( Ugolino and his Sons ) ( 1861, in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art ) with versions in other museums including the Musée d ' Orsay

The first meetings were held at " Mother Sam's ", a local plantation, and in 1861 a permanent meeting hall was erected in Downtown Jacksonville at Church and Julia Streets.

At the congress ' first meeting on February 4, 1861, William P. Chilton moved that Barnwell be appointed to preside temporarily over the Congress until its permanent organization.

The announcement that a Provisional Theatre was to be opened in Prague, as a home for Czech opera and drama pending the building of a permanent National Theatre, influenced his decision to return permanently to his homeland in 1861.

His permanent ( regular army ) promotions to captain and major were in 1852 and 1861, respectively.

His History of Greece, produced in sections between 1843 and 1861, did not at first receive the recognition which its merits deserved, but it has since been given by students in all countries, and specially in Germany, a place among works of permanent value, alike for its literary style and the depth and insight of its historical views.

The earliest craft made brief excursions upriver between 1861 and 1901, but were rarely assigned on permanent patrol.

The National Civil War Museum, located at One Lincoln Circle at Reservoir Park in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is a permanent, nonprofit educational institution created to promote the preservation of material culture and sources of information that are directly relevant to the American Civil War of 1861 – 1865, and the aftermath period of the war as related to Civil War Veterans ' service organizations, including the Grand Army of the Republic, United Confederate Veterans and the Daughters of the Confederacy to 1920.

The Provisional Constitution was nullified with the ratification of the permanent Constitution of the Confederate States of America on March 11, 1861.