By March 1861, no leaders of the insurrection had proposed rejoining the Union on any terms.

Nevertheless, in 1861, Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms ( the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree ), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a republican form of government in every state.

Based on the assumption that Kentucky neutrality would act as a shield against a direct invasion from the north, Tennessee initially had sent men to Virginia and concentrated defenses in the Mississippi Valley, circumstances that no longer applied in September 1861.

Although it had at first been somewhat established in many colonies, in 1861 it was ruled that, except where specifically established, the Church of England had just the same legal position as any other church.

Her mother, Nadezhda Kalmykova, was the daughter of a former serf who had bought his freedom before serfdom was abolished in 1861, allowing him to become a wealthy Moscow merchant .< ref >

He married secondly at the Dolmabahçe Palace in 1861 to HH Edâdil Kadın Efendi ( 1845 – Dolmabahçe Palace, 12 December 1875 ), and had one child.

In June 1861, Monet joined the First Regiment of African Light Cavalry in Algeria for a seven-year commitment, but, two years later, after he had contracted typhoid fever, his aunt intervened to get him out of the army if he agreed to complete an art course at an art school.

Each of the other candidates had hindrances to his nomination: Bayard had spoken in favor of secession in 1861, making him unacceptable to Northerners ; Butler, conversely, was reviled throughout the South for his actions during the Civil War ; Thurman was generally well liked, but was growing old and infirm, and his views on the silver question were uncertain.

After Italy was unified in 1861, many of Verdi's early operas were re-interpreted as Risorgimento works with hidden Revolutionary messages that probably had not been intended by either the composer or librettist.

In 1857, the king had a stroke and his brother William became regent, then became King William I in 1861.

George Finlay's 1861 History of Greek Revolution records that by 1831 Kapodistrias's government had become hated, chiefly by the independent Maniates, but also by the Roumeliotes and the rich and influential merchant families of Hydra, Spetses and Psara.

He continued to submit his works to the Salon, where his painting Spanish Singer had won a 2nd class medal in 1861, and he urged the others to do likewise, arguing that " the Salon is the real field of battle " where a reputation could be made.

Once Siena had been conquered by Florence under the rule of the Medici family in 1555, Montalcino held out for almost four years, but ultimately fell to the Florentines, under whose control it remained until the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was amalgamated into a united Italy in 1861.

His grandfather, Marcantonio Pacelli, had been Under-Secretary in the Papal Ministry of Finances and then Secretary of the Interior under Pope Pius IX from 1851 – 70 and helped found the Vatican's newspaper, L ' Osservatore Romano in 1861.

Thereafter, postage stamp use in the U. S. quickly doubled, and by 1861 had quadrupled.

When Virginia declared its secession from the Union in April 1861, Lee chose to follow his home state, despite his personal desire for the Union to stay intact and despite the fact that President Abraham Lincoln had offered Lee command of the Union Army.

While rural agrarian peasants had been emancipated from serfdom in 1861, they still resented paying redemption payments to the state, and demanded communal tender of the land they worked.

South Australia granted restricted women's suffrage in 1861, and in 1895 became the second place in the world to grant universal suffrage ( after New Zealand ), and the first where women had the dual rights to vote and to stand for election.

The third edition came out in 1861, with a number of sentences rewritten or added and an introductory appendix, An Historical Sketch of the Recent Progress of Opinion on the Origin of Species, while the fourth in 1866 had further revisions.

Nast's cartoons and articles about the Garibaldi military campaign to unify Italy captured the popular imagination in the U. S. In 1861, he married Sarah Edwards, whom he had met two years earlier.

He continued working on Mississippi riverboats and he had obtained his own by 1861, named Cotton Queen.

This dilemma was seen most notably in 1861 and 1933, as Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D. Roosevelt ( plus the newly elected Senators and Representatives ) had to wait four months before they, and the incoming-Congresses, could deal with the secession of Southern states and the Great Depression respectively.

During the American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), British leaders personally disliked American republicanism and favoured the more aristocratic Confederacy, as it had been a major source of cotton for textile mills.

The Emmet County Board of Supervisors protested that the county seat had already been established at Little Traverse, and in 1861, the act was repealed as unconstitutional.

On January 8, 1861, two days before Florida's secession, Confederate sympathizers ( the Third Regiment of Florida Volunteers ) took control of Fort Clinch, already abandoned by Federal workers who had been constructing the fort.

When Buchanan County was merged with Pine County in 1861, the county seat was consolidated to Pine City because it was already well-established.

At a distance of only two counties away, Arkansas had already become the ninth state to secede, and on October 28, 1861 Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson met with the Missouri General Assembly in Neosho and declared Missouri as the twelfth state to join the Confederate States of America.

Bain's philosophical writings already published, especially The Senses and the Intellect to which was added in 1861 The Study of Character including an Estimate of Phrenology, were too large for effective use in the classroom.

First run in 1861, by 1880 it was already known world-wide and was drawing crowds of 100, 000.

For his part the Duke of Kent, aged 50, already considering marriage and encouraged into this particular match with her sister-in-law by his now deceased niece Princess Charlotte, became engaged to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( 17 August 1786 – 16 March 1861 ) and the couple married on 29 May 1818 at Schloss Ehrenburg, Coburg, ( Lutheran rite ) and again on 11 July 1818 at Kew Palace, Kew, Surrey.

The president and Congress had already enacted several laws during the war to severely restrict the institution, beginning with the First Confiscation Act in August 1861 and culminating in Lincoln's own Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862, taking effect January 1, 1863.

On February 8, 1861, delegates from the seven Deep South states which had already declared their secession from the United States of America adopted the Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States of America.

Paraga later formed the Croatian Party of Rights 1861 ( HSP 1861 ) but by this time he was already politically marginalized.

According to such estimates ( Jaimoukha cites the earlier historian A. Rogov ), there were as many as 1. 5 million Chechens in the North Caucasus in 1847 ( and probably many more before that, as there had already been much fighting and destruction by that point ), but by 1861 there were only 140000 remaining in the Caucasus.

Early in 1861 when South Carolina territory no longer considered itself part of the Union and demanded that the U. S. Army abandon Fort Sumter, plans for a Confederate postal system were already underway.

After Hamburg and Lübeck had already issued their first stamps in 1859, Bergedorf followed in 1861.

Though he thought it was essentially a reaffirmation of terms already in the Constitution, Lincoln was a driving force in 1861 for the compromise Corwin amendment.

In 1861, Brunner took a clerical post at Hutchinson's alkali works in Widnes, where his older brother Henry was already working as technical manager.

On April 27, 1861, President Lincoln ordered the Union blockade of the Confederacy extended to the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina, which were already in the process of joining the Confederate States of America although they did not officially do so until May 1861.

On April 27, 1861, President Lincoln ordered the Union blockade of the Confederacy extended to the coasts of Virginia and North Carolina since those states were already in the process of joining the Confederate States of America.

The work was originally entitled The Veil of Isis, a title which remains on the heading of each page, but had to be renamed once Blavatsky discovered that this title had already been used for an 1861 Rosicrucian work by W. W. Reade.

On January 8, 1861, two days before Florida secession, Confederate sympathizers ( the Third Regiment of Florida Volunteers ) took control of Fort Clinch, already abandoned by Federal workers who had been constructing the fort.

RINA was founded in Genoa in 1861 under the name REGISTRO ITALIANO NAVALE, by the " Associazione della Mutua Assicurazione Marittima " ( Mutual Marine Insurance Association ) in Genoa in 1857 by ship managers and shipowners ( or " ship shareholders "), to cover risks related to loss and / or damage of the hull and rigging of sailing ships, to meet the needs of Italian maritime operators, as had already occurred in Great Britain and France.

This convention convened on February 4, 1861, at the Willard Hotel at the same time that the seven Deep South states that had already passed ordinances of secession were preparing to form a new government in Montgomery, Alabama.

Years later, more arrived who, unlike the first migrants, were already converted Christians ; and sometime in 1861 migrants increased in population.