However, these counties lying on the Potomac River east of the mountains, with the consent of the Reorganized Government of Virginia supposedly voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia in 1863 in a dubious election supervised by the occupying Union Army.

The question of the constitutionality of the formation of the new state was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States in the following manner: Berkeley and Jefferson County, West Virginia, counties lying on the Potomac east of the mountains, in 1863, with the consent of the Reorganized Government of Virginia, had supposedly voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia.

During the American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), Berkeley and Jefferson counties, both lying on the Potomac River east of the mountains, with the consent of the Reorganized Government of Virginia, voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia in 1863.

German-American legal scholar ; author of " A Code for the Government of Armies " ( 1863 ), a key document in the history of the humanitarian treatment of prisoners of war.

Between 1863 and 1866 there was a period of hostilities between Māori and the New Zealand Government in the Taranaki district of New Zealand sometimes referred to as The Second Taranaki War.

* After the downfall of the first King of Greece, the Bavarian Otto, on 23 October 1862, and Dimitrios Voulgaris ' unsuccessful term ( 23 October 1862 – 30 January 1863 ) as president of the Provisional Government, a Triumvirate ( 30 January – 30 October 1863 ) was established consisting of the same Dimitrios Voulgaris, the renowned Admiral Konstantinos Kanaris and Benizelos Rouphos, which acted as a regency until the arrival of the new monarch, the first " King of the Hellenes ", George I.

Between 1863 and 1874 Hartington held various Government posts, including lord of the Admiralty and under-secretary for war under Palmerston and Earl Russell, then postmaster-general, and Chief Secretary for Ireland in Gladstone's first government.

The Second Taranaki War is a term used by some historians for the period of hostilities between Māori and the New Zealand Government in the Taranaki district of New Zealand between 1863 and 1866.

The Government claimed to have bought land at Waitotara in 1863, and in turn had sold more than in October 1864, but the sale was disputed by some Māori, who refused to leave.

The Invasion of Waikato was a campaign during the middle stages of the New Zealand Wars, fought in the North Island of New Zealand from July 1863 to April 1864 between the military forces of the Colonial Government and a federation of rebel Māori tribes known as the Kingitanga Movement.

The immediate cause of the war was the confiscation of vast areas of Māori land in Taranaki by the Government under the powers of the punitive New Zealand Settlements Act 1863.

Of the more than 60, 000 Islanders recruited from 1863, the majority were to be " repatriated " ( that is, deported ) by the Australian Government between 1906-08 under the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 legislation prompted by the White Australia policy.

By 1863, Fort Isabela Segunda became the focal point of the 6th District of the Police-Military Government of Mindanao.

After the exploration with the Schalaginweit brothers, Pundit Nain Singh Rawat joined the Education Department, being appointed as the headmaster of a Government vernacular school in his village at Milam from 1858 to 1863.

Most gold coins produced from 1863 and onward were produced for imports to pay for enormous amounts of war material and interest on some US Government bonds.

* Polish National Government, 1831, 1846, 1863 – 1864

In 1865 the mountain was confiscated from Māori by the New Zealand Government under the powers of the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863, ostensibly as a means of establishing and maintaining peace amid the Second Taranaki War.

** Local government ( Local Government Act 1858, Local Government Act ( 1858 ) Amendment Act 1861, Local Government Amendment Act 1863 )

* Idaho Organic Act 1863 -- An Act to provide a temporary Government for the Territory of Idaho

For a time a prisoner and mail exchange program was in use that lasted until June 1863, when the U. S. Government terminated any further cooperation due to mounting war tensions and increased mistrust.

In 1863, a new treaty was signed that relinquished lands that were granted by a treaty signed in 1855, turning them over to the American Government.

A Yank writing from Vicksburg, May 28, 1863, stated: `` not less than 50 balls have passed over me since I commenced writing.

When Stanford was Governor of California, the Legislature passed on April 22, 1863, " An Act to Authorize the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of San Francisco to take and subscribe One Million Dollars to the Capital Stock of the Western Pacific Rail Road Company and the Central Pacific Rail Road Company of California and to provide for the payment of the same and other matters relating thereto " ( which was later amended by Section Five of the " Compromise Act " of April 4, 1864 ).

On May 19, 1863, the electors of the City and County of San Francisco passed this bond by a vote of 6, 329 to 3, 116, in a highly controversial Special Election.

In response, Congress passed the False Claims Act on March 2, 1863,.

With the American Civil War raging, Congress passed the Conscription Act of 1863, requiring able-bodied men to serve in the army if called upon, or else to hire a substitute.

Perhaps the first instrument of modern public international law was the Lieber Code, passed in 1863 by the Congress of the United States, to govern the conduct of US forces during the United States Civil War and considered to be the first written recitation of the rules and articles of war, adhered to by all civilized nations, the precursor of public international law.

In 1863, a law was passed that allowed for the provision of a new canal for large ocean-going ships from Rotterdam to the North Sea.

Following the Alvensleben Convention of 1863, the House of Deputies passed a resolution declaring that it could no longer come to terms with Bismarck ; in response, the King dissolved the Diet, accusing it of trying to obtain unconstitutional control over the ministry.

665 ; February 25, 1863 ) was originally known as the National Currency Act and was passed in the Senate by a narrow 23-21 vote.

During the Civil War, Morgan's Raid ( a Confederate cavalry campaign from Kentucky ) passed through the northern part of the county during the summer of 1863.

On May 23, 1863 an Act was passed imposing regulations on technical education in the Netherlands, bringing it under the rules of secondary education.

The night before John Brown stayed in Prairie City and Quantrill's raiders passed within three miles ( 5 km ) of Baldwin after the burning of Lawrence in 1863.

William Quantrill passed through the Eudora area in 1863 on his way to Lawrence, Kansas to commit his infamous and deadly raid on the unsuspecting town.

In the spring of 1863, Confederate General Richard Taylor and his men passed through Natchitoches en route to Shreveport.

In 1863 during the Civil War, General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia passed through Cashtown on its way to Gettysburg, and a few generals made their headquarters at the Cashtown Inn during the battle.

After Lee's failure to defeat General Meade and the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Gettysburg ( July 1 – 3 ), Lee once again passed through Cashtown during the early morning hours of July 4, 1863 in heavy rain in his retreat to Virginia.

From June 24 – 28, 1863, much of the Army of Northern Virginia passed through Chambersburg en route to Carlisle and Gettysburg, and Robert E. Lee established his headquarters at a nearby farm.

In December 1863, Confederate General James Longstreet, who had earlier failed to wrest Knoxville from Union forces, passed through Rutledge en route to winter quarters at Russellville.

The United States Congress had passed an act in 1863 that permitted an owner of property confiscated during the war to receive the proceeds from the sale of the confiscated property.

Two of the designs ( those by Philip Charles Hardwick and George Gilbert Scott ) were passed to the Queen in February 1863 for a final decision to be made.

In December 1863 the Parliament passed the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863, a piece of punitive legislation allowing unlimited confiscation of Māori land by the government, ostensibly as a means of suppressing " rebellion ".

In early 1863, Howe's outgoing ministry passed a bill which re-introduced property qualifications for voters.

In 1848 he brought out his Life of Shakespeare, illustrated by John Thomas Blight ( 1835-1911 ), which passed through several editions ; in 1853-1865 a sumptuous edition, limited to 150 copies, of Shakespeare in folio, with full critical notes ; in 1863 a Calendar of the Records at Stratford-on-Awn ; in 1864 a History of New Place.