The elected Zemstvos, which formed a local government in the European sectors of the Russian Empire, had been initiated by Nicholas ' grandfather, Tsar Alexander II in 1864.

* 16 November — William George Nicholas Manley, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1864 near Tauranga, New Zealand ( born 1831 ).

Father Nicholas Joseph Callan ( 1799 – 1864 ) was an Irish priest and scientist from Darver, Co. Louth, Ireland.

* O ' Hara, James G. Callan, Nicholas Joseph ( 1799 – 1864 ), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004

William Nicholas Selig ( March 14, 1864 – July 15, 1948 ) was a pioneer of the American motion picture industry.

* William Nicholas Selig ( 1864 – 1948 ), American film producer and founder of the Selig Polyscope Company

Representing as it did the efforts of only unauthorized individuals of the Roman and Anglican Churches, and urging a communion of prayer unacceptable to Rome, this association produced little fruit, and, in fact, was condemned by the Holy Office in 1864.

Nevertheless, Lincoln was concerned that Grant might be considering a candidacy for President in 1864, as McClellan was.

The damage caused by Sherman's March to the Sea through Georgia in 1864 was limited to a swath, but neither Lincoln nor his commanders saw destruction as the main goal, but rather defeat of the Confederate armies.

During his raid on Washington, D. C. in 1864, Lincoln was watching the combat from an exposed position ; Captain Oliver Wendell Holmes shouted at him, " Get down, you damn fool, before you get shot!

The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 granted federal support for the construction of the United States ' First Transcontinental Railroad, which was completed in 1869.

Due to his western successes, Ulysses S. Grant was given command of all Union armies in 1864, and organized the armies of William Tecumseh Sherman, George Meade and others to attack the Confederacy from all directions, increasing the North's advantage in manpower.

But on Cemetery Hill, the I Corps could muster only a third of its men as effective for duty and the corps was essentially destroyed as a combat force for the rest of the battle ; it would be decommissioned in March 1864, its surviving units combined into other corps.

His sister was Lucy Aikin ( 1781 – 1864 ), a historical writer.

Johnson was nominated as the vice presidential candidate in 1864 on the National Union Party ticket.

In January 1864 Johnson organized a gathering of his state's Union loyalists, where resolutions were passed to elect county officials throughout the state, including a plan for a convention to dispose of the slavery issue ; also adopted was a very controversial and mandatory oath for voters, to protect and preserve the Union in the future.

As a leading War Democrat and pro-Union southerner, Johnson was an ideal candidate for the Republicans in the national election of 1864, as they sought to enlarge their base to include War Democrats ; they even changed the party name to the National Union Party to reflect this expansion.

In 1864, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Aloysius " Alois " Alzheimer (; 14 June 1864 – 19 December 1915 ) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin.

Alois Alzheimer was born in Marktbreit, Bavaria on 14 June 1864.

The castle was built between 1864 and 1879 on a cliff by the Atlantic ocean, and was designed by Viollet Le Duc in the Neo Gothic style.

New administrative districts ( vilayets ) were set up in 1864 and a Council of State was established in 1868.

On June 3, 1864 Abersychan was constituted a local government district, governed by a local board.

The new Breitkopf & Härtel and Bärenreiter make this alteration differently, but the result is a reading that is different from what was commonly accepted based on the 1864 Breitkopf edition.

Captured by Confederate Colonel John S. Mosby's men at Culpeper, Virginia on June 24, 1864, Corbett was held prisoner at Andersonville prison for five months, when he was exchanged.

Another notorious cannibal was mountain man Boone Helm, who was known as " The Kentucky Cannibal " for eating several of his fellow travelers, from 1850 until his eventual hanging in 1864.

In Canada, the Great Coalition was formed in 1864 by the Clear Grits, Parti bleu, and Liberal-Conservative Party.

Officials of Community of Christ ( formerly known as the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints ) first published an edition of the Doctrine and Covenants in 1864, based on the previous 1844 edition.

These concerns become widely known with the publication of Man and Nature ( 1864 ) by George Perkins Marsh.

Carver was born into slavery in Diamond Grove, Newton County, near Crystal Place, now known as Diamond, Missouri, possibly in 1864 or 1865, though the exact date is not known.

In 1864 Marx became involved in the International Workingmen's Association ( also known as First International )., to whose General Council he was elected at its inception in 1864.

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road ( also known as the Second Battle of Fair Oaks ) ends – Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant withdraw from Fair Oaks, Virginia, after failing to breach the Confederate defenses around Richmond, Virginia.

However, the proverb about changing horses in midstream is reliably dated to 1864, so the proverb could not have been known or used by a character from that period.

The International Workingmen's Association ( IWA ), also known as the First International, was founded in London in 1864.

* Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance ( 1864 – 1870 ), a major war in South America

As commanding general of the army, Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of very bloody battles in 1864 known as the Overland Campaign that ended bottling up Lee at Petersburg, outside the Confederate capital of Richmond.

When Lincoln called Grant east in the spring of 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, Grant appointed Sherman ( by then known to his soldiers as " Uncle Billy ") to succeed him as head of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which entailed command of Union troops in the Western Theater of the war.

At the end of this campaign, known as Sherman's March to the Sea, his troops captured Savannah on December 21, 1864.

To celebrate the 300th anniversary of Shakespeare's birth in 1864 the brewer, Charles Edward Flower, instigated the building of a temporary wooden theatre, known as the Tercentenary Theatre, which was built in a part of the brewer's large gardens on what is today the site of the new, and temporary, Courtyard Theatre.

The building ( 1853 – 1864 ), which despite frequent remodeling continues to evoke Semper's concept, was initially required to accommodate not only the new school ( known today as the ETH Zurich ), but the existing University of Zurich, as well.

1885 photo of Robert Harris ( painter ) | Robert Harris's 1884 painting, Conference at Quebec in 1864, to settle the basics of a union of the British North American Provinces, also known as The Fathers of Confederation.

On 1864, however, after the French intervention, the conservative Mexicans restored the constitutional monarchy, known as the Second Mexican Empire, led by the emperor Maximilian of Habsburg and supported by the French army of Napoleon III.

In 1864, Captain Eber Brock Ward used a high-quality grade of iron ore ( known as " Superior ") from the recently opened Marquette Range in the Upper Peninsula, and smelted it into the first Bessemer Steel commercially cast in America, using the patented Bessemer process.

In 1864, the word “ City ” was added to the name to relieve confusion with the bordering state of Nevada, and the town has legally been known as “ Nevada City ” ever since.

Previous to Taylor's bridge, in 1864, Harry Rickets built and operated a ferry at this location and so this area of crossing at the Snake River was already known as Eagle Rock to those that did business or that traveled on the Montana Trail.

In an early map from 1864, the area now known as New Ross was called " Mace ".

It is best known as the site of The Battle of Pleasant Hill, fought in April 1864.

A hotel known as Kelley's Tavern, which opened there in 1864, was the first house open for public lodging.