The First Vatican Council was convoked by Pope Pius IX on 29 June 1868, after a period of planning and preparation that began on 6 December 1864.

She dies from typhoid in August 1864 after nursing Emmie Slattery.

* Varina Anne " Winnie " Davis, born on June 27, 1864, several months after Joseph's death.

Trial by jury was first introduced in the Russian Empire as a result of the Judicial reform of Alexander II in 1864, and abolished after the October Revolution in 1917.

Finally, in January 1864, after long resisting the plan, Carson sent a company into Canyon de Chelly to investigate the last Navajo stronghold, presuming them to be under the leadership of Manuelito.

During the 19th century, after Schleswig-Holstein had come under the government of Prussia ( from 1871 the German Empire ) following the Second Schleswig War in 1864, a combination of naval interests — the German navy wanted to link its bases in the Baltic and the North Sea without the need to sail around Denmark — and commercial pressure encouraged the development of a new canal.

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road ( also known as the Second Battle of Fair Oaks ) ends – Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant withdraw from Fair Oaks, Virginia, after failing to breach the Confederate defenses around Richmond, Virginia.

* 1864 – Helena, Montana is founded after four prospectors discover gold at " Last Chance Gulch ".

* 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate General John Bell Hood evacuates Atlanta, Georgia after a four-month siege by General Sherman.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, Georgia, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign.

Newfoundland marine insurance agent and historian William A. Munn ( 1864 – 1939 ), after studying literary sources in Europe, suggested in his 1914 book " Wineland Voyages: Location of Helluland, Markland & Vinland " that the Vinland explorers " went ashore at Lancey Meadows, as it is called today ".

A resolution, to have the capital moved from Lewiston to Boise, was passed by the Idaho Territorial Legislature on December 7, 1864, six weeks before the territorial legislature's session legally began, and after litigation, on a split decision decided by one vote on the territorial supreme court on geographic lines.

These years were some of Wagner's most difficult: the 1861 Paris production of Tannhäuser was a fiasco, Wagner gave up hope of completing Der Ring des Nibelungen, the 1864 Vienna production of Tristan und Isolde was abandoned after 77 rehearsals, and finally in 1866 Wagner's first wife, Minna died.

In April 1864 after his release he was appointed colonel of the 17th Regiment of U. S. Colored Troops and led the regiment at the Battle of Nashville.

The town was the major producer of linoleum, a type of floor covering, after the formation of the Linoleum Manufacturing Company in 1864 by its inventor, Frederick Walton.

During the British occupation, in 1814, the leprosarium was once again opened after renovations, and following Enosis in 1864 the leprosarium again saw occasional use.

Though the status quo was restored, the conflict lingered on and on 1 February 1864 the German Confederation, i. e. Prussian and Austrian troops crossed the Eider sparking off the Second Schleswig War, after which Denmark had to cede Schleswig and Holstein according to the Treaty of Vienna.

Green-Meldrim house, where Sherman stayed after taking Savannah in 1864

This is generally no longer so as during the nineteenth century, the development of legal ethics tended to obviate the risks to the public, particularly after the scandal of the Swynfen will case ( 1856 – 1864 ).

* 1864 – William Cotton patents the straight bar knitting machine named after him (" Cotton machine ").

* The Tilden Mine in Marquette County, Michigan is also named after Tilden, the founder of the Cliffs Iron Company in 1864.

He entered Rome on 20 September 1870 and set up the new capital there on 2 July 1871, after a temporary move to Florence in 1864.

American Indian attacks increased after the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado in 1864, bringing more troops to the post, which was by now called Platte Bridge Station.

The settlement was founded on 24 August 1864 and named by Colonel William Moule after Captain John Fane Charles Hamilton, the popular Scottish commander of HMS Esk, who was killed in the battle of Gate Pā, Tauranga.

On 1864, however, after the French intervention, the conservative Mexicans restored the constitutional monarchy, known as the Second Mexican Empire, led by the emperor Maximilian of Habsburg and supported by the French army of Napoleon III.

Representing as it did the efforts of only unauthorized individuals of the Roman and Anglican Churches, and urging a communion of prayer unacceptable to Rome, this association produced little fruit, and, in fact, was condemned by the Holy Office in 1864.

Nevertheless, Lincoln was concerned that Grant might be considering a candidacy for President in 1864, as McClellan was.

The damage caused by Sherman's March to the Sea through Georgia in 1864 was limited to a swath, but neither Lincoln nor his commanders saw destruction as the main goal, but rather defeat of the Confederate armies.

During his raid on Washington, D. C. in 1864, Lincoln was watching the combat from an exposed position ; Captain Oliver Wendell Holmes shouted at him, " Get down, you damn fool, before you get shot!

The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 granted federal support for the construction of the United States ' First Transcontinental Railroad, which was completed in 1869.

Due to his western successes, Ulysses S. Grant was given command of all Union armies in 1864, and organized the armies of William Tecumseh Sherman, George Meade and others to attack the Confederacy from all directions, increasing the North's advantage in manpower.

But on Cemetery Hill, the I Corps could muster only a third of its men as effective for duty and the corps was essentially destroyed as a combat force for the rest of the battle ; it would be decommissioned in March 1864, its surviving units combined into other corps.

His sister was Lucy Aikin ( 1781 – 1864 ), a historical writer.

Johnson was nominated as the vice presidential candidate in 1864 on the National Union Party ticket.

In January 1864 Johnson organized a gathering of his state's Union loyalists, where resolutions were passed to elect county officials throughout the state, including a plan for a convention to dispose of the slavery issue ; also adopted was a very controversial and mandatory oath for voters, to protect and preserve the Union in the future.

As a leading War Democrat and pro-Union southerner, Johnson was an ideal candidate for the Republicans in the national election of 1864, as they sought to enlarge their base to include War Democrats ; they even changed the party name to the National Union Party to reflect this expansion.

In 1864, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Aloysius " Alois " Alzheimer (; 14 June 1864 – 19 December 1915 ) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin.

Alois Alzheimer was born in Marktbreit, Bavaria on 14 June 1864.

The castle was built between 1864 and 1879 on a cliff by the Atlantic ocean, and was designed by Viollet Le Duc in the Neo Gothic style.

New administrative districts ( vilayets ) were set up in 1864 and a Council of State was established in 1868.

On June 3, 1864 Abersychan was constituted a local government district, governed by a local board.

The new Breitkopf & Härtel and Bärenreiter make this alteration differently, but the result is a reading that is different from what was commonly accepted based on the 1864 Breitkopf edition.

Captured by Confederate Colonel John S. Mosby's men at Culpeper, Virginia on June 24, 1864, Corbett was held prisoner at Andersonville prison for five months, when he was exchanged.

Another notorious cannibal was mountain man Boone Helm, who was known as " The Kentucky Cannibal " for eating several of his fellow travelers, from 1850 until his eventual hanging in 1864.

In Canada, the Great Coalition was formed in 1864 by the Clear Grits, Parti bleu, and Liberal-Conservative Party.