After being ruled by three external powers since 1884, Papua New Guinea gained its independence from Australia in 1975.

In 1880, Whitehead matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was fourth wrangler and gained his BA in 1884.

In 1884, the New Orleans and Northeastern Railroad gained right-of-way on Purves ’ property and a depot was erected, along with a marker, reading “ Purvis ”.

When the colony was finally severed from the administration of Jamaica in 1884, the colony gained its own Governor.

Having gained his law degree, he became a trainee ( 1881 – 1884 ) with Edmond Picard, a renowned criminal lawyer, who also played a pivotal role on the Brussels artistic scene.

On 18 January 1884 all provinces gained the rights to the rank of duchy and the arms can be represented with a ducal coronet.

Starting as a club sport in 1884, football gained varsity status in 1896.

On April 8, 1879 Commander Luis Jorge Fontana founded the settlement that would become the capital of the National Territory of Chaco from 1884 to June 15, 1955, when it gained the status of province.

Harold Stirling Vanderbilt ( 1884 – 1970 ) gained fame as a sportsman, winning the most coveted prize in yacht racing, the America's Cup, on three occasions.

Among his more important works may be named Women Gleaning, and The Day after St Sebastian's Day ( 1855 ), which gained him a third-class medal ; Blessing the Fields ( 1857 ), a second-class medal ; Erecting a Calvary ( 1859 ), now in the Lille gallery ; The Return of the Gleaners ( 1859 ), now in the Luxembourg ; Evening and Women Weeding ( 1861 ), a first-class medal ; Grandfather's Birthday ( 1862 ); The Close of Day ( 1865 ); Harvest ( 1867 ); Potato Gatherers ( 1868 ); A Pardon, Brittany ( 1869 ); The Fountain ( 1872 ), medal of honour ; The Bonfires of St John ( 1875 ); Women mending Nets ( 1876 ), in the Douai museum ; A Gleaner ( 1877 ), Luxembourg ; Evening, Finistère ( 1881 ); The Song of the Lark ( 1884 ); The Last Sunbeam ( 1885 ); The Shepherd's Star ( 1888 ); The Call Home ( 1889 ); The Last Gleanings ( 1895 ); Gathering Poppies ( 1897 ); The Alarm Cry ( 1899 ); Twilight Glory ( 1900 ).

Adler was born in Van Buren, Arkansas, a graduate of University of Pennsylvania in 1883 and gained a Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1887, where he taught Semitic languages from 1884 to 1893.

They had been trying for some time to organise an extension to Gourock, and having gained Parliamentary approval in 1884 they spent three years in construction which involved extensive tunnelling, and opened Gourock railway station on 1 June 1889.

In later years Mrs Stirling gained a new popularity as the nurse in Irving's presentation ( 1882 ) of Romeo and Juliet, and again ( 1884 ) with Mary Anderson ; and she was the Martha in Irving's production of Faust ( 1885 ).

The importance which Topčider gained for the city population can be seen from the fact that in 1884 it got its own railway station even though it had no settlement of its own at the time and also one of the very first tram lines in Belgrade used to connect Terazije and Topčider.

Edward Postell King Jr. ( July 4, 1884 – August 31, 1958 ) was a Major General in the United States Army who gained prominence for leading the defense of the Bataan Peninsula in the Battle of Bataan against the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in World War II.

He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times — in 1884, 1888, and 1892 — and was the only Democrat elected to the presidency in the era of Republican political domination that lasted from 1861 to 1913.

( 2001 ) popular biography to 1884

Charles's subsequent flight has become the stuff of legend and is commemorated in the popular folk song " The Skye Boat Song " ( lyrics 1884, tune traditional ) and also the old Irish song Mo Ghile Mear by Seán Clárach Mac Domhnaill.

An early popular geomorphic model was the geographical cycle or the cycle of erosion, developed by William Morris Davis between 1884 and 1899.

Patten had a freight depot along Ruckles Road, only the second road over the Blue Mountains, which was a popular route over the Blue Mountains until it washed out in 1884.

The " Voltaire " was at the Academy of 1883 ; it was followed, in 1884, by the " Marriage de convenance ", perhaps the most popular of all Orchardson's pictures ; in 1885, by " The Salon of Madame Récamier "; in 1886, by " After ", the sequel to the " Marriage de convenance ", and " A Tender Chord ", one of his most exquisite productions ; in 1887, by " The First Cloud "; in 1888, by " Her Mother's Voice "; and in 1889, by " The Young Duke ", a canvas on which he returned to much the same pictorial scheme as that of the " Voltaire ".

Blackfriars was not a seat with high prospects attached ; a working-class area, it had returned Liberal Party MPs since it was created in 1884, and the incumbent, Andrew Provand, was highly popular.

The inspiration for the mythical Main Street of " Allen's Alley " came from the small-town heartland folks who were often profiled in the newspaper columns written by O. O. McIntyre ( 1884 – 1938 ), one of the most popular columnists of the 1930s with some seven million readers.

Rokusuke Ei, a popular essayist, was convinced that Chichibu, the site of a peasant uprising in 1884, inspired the author, W. S. Gilbert, to set the opera in Japan.

Ramona was immensely popular almost immediately upon its release in 1884, with more than 15, 000 copies sold in the ten months before Jackson's death in 1885.

The term is used in popular discourse, and scholars have traced its use in American literature ranging from the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, to Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ( 1884 ), Willa Cather's My Ántonia, F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby ( 1925 ), Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy ( 1925 ) and Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon ( 1977 ).

B. Burke ( 1884 ) and Chassant & Tausin ( 1878 ), and other sources, list a number of similar mottos that appeared in family or city coats of arms in Great Britain, Ireland and France, though none was ever as popular as Semper fidelis.

The local estate of Tracy Park, now a golf club, was said to be the inspiration for Black Beauty's “ Birtwick Park .” Sewell's introduction to writing began in her youth when she helped edit the works of her mother, Mary Wright Sewell ( 1797 – 1884 ), a deeply religious, popular author of juvenile best-sellers.

* The song's popularity was substantially enhanced in the early 20th century by performances and recordings by John McCormack ( 1884 – 1945 ) a world-famous Irish tenor in the fields of opera and popular music – who performed successfully in many major live venues in the United States and Europe.

This was followed by a long series of popular treatises in rapid succession, amongst the more important of which are Light Science for Leisure Hours and The Sun ( 1871 ); The Orbs around Us and Essays on Astronomy ( 1872 ); The Expanse of Heaven, The Moon and The Borderland of Science ( 1873 ); The Universe and the Coming Transits and Transits of Venus ( 1874 ); Our Place among Infinities ( 1875 ); Myths and Marvels of Astronomy ( 1877 ); The Universe of Stars ( 1878 ); Flowers of the Sky ( 1879 ); The Poetry of Astronomy ( 1880 ); Easy Star Lessons and Familiar Science Studies ( 1882 ); Mysteries of Time and Space and The Great Pyramid ( 1883 ); The Universe of Suns ( 1884 ); The Seasons ( 1885 ); Other Suns than Ours and Half-Hours with the Stars ( 1887 ).

Karl Millöcker ( 1842-1899 ) a long-time conductor at the Theater an der Wien, also composed some of the most popular Viennese operettas of the late 19th century, including Der Bettelstudent ( 1882 ), Gasparone ( 1884 ) and Der arme Jonathan ( 1890 ).

The best-known of his five operas is Sigurd ( 1884 ); it was quite popular in France during its initial production there ( it had its premiere in Brussels at the Théâtre de La Monnaie in January 1884 ), and is sometimes ( although rarely ) revived.

In 1884, a primary school was built, and by 1912, when the railway from Heidelberg to Hurstbridge was built, the area had a population of 146 and had become a tourist destination, popular with Melburnians seeking " clean air and an invigorating climate ".

He served two terms until 1885, and seemed to have been a popular leader, but his support of Grover Cleveland in 1884 caused a rift with his fellow Republicans and cost him a third term.

Rainier Brewing Company ( 1884 – 1999 ) was a Seattle, Washington, company that brewed Rainier Beer, a popular brand in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

They were historical novels, and proved so popular that they were issued in a set of ten volumes by Longmans in 1845-6, and were reprinted by Chapman & Hall as recently as 1884.

He retired as governor on January 8, 1884, retaining popular support throughout the state.

His compositions, which remained popular for some years after his death in 1884, consisted mainly of ballads ( such as his musical adaptation of Charles Kingsley's poem, " Three Fishers "); but his importance in the history of music is owing to his exertion in popularizing musical education, and his persistent opposition to the Tonic sol-fa system, which had a success he could not foresee.

The Arrhenius definition of acid – base reactions is a development of the hydrogen theory of acids, devised by Svante Arrhenius, which was used to provide a modern definition of acids and bases that followed from his work with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in establishing the presence of ions in aqueous solution in 1884, and led to Arrhenius receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903 for " recognition of the extraordinary services ... rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation ".

This was the boyhood home of Bishop Clare Purcell ( 1884 – 1964 ) who, in 1955, was elected President of the United Methodist Council of Bishops, the highest place of recognition ever achieved by a native-born Alabama Methodist minister.

He was chiefly occupied with the relations between capital and labour, and had a large share in securing the recognition of trade unions in 1884.

Negotiations in 1883 led to a treaty signed on January 11, 1884 in Belize City by a Chan Santa Cruz general and the vice-Governor of Yucatán recognizing Mexican sovereignty over Chan Santa Cruz in exchange for Mexican recognition of Chan Santa Cruz leader Crescencio Poot as Governor of the State of Chan Santa Cruz, but the following year there was a coup d ' état in Chan Santa Cruz, and the treaty was declared cancelled.

Seisensui ( 1884 – 1976 ) could be regarded as the originator of the free-form haiku movement, though fellow writers Masaoka Shiki and Kawahigashi Hekigoto also deserve recognition.

Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius ( October 11, 1884 – March 30, 1949 ) was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry ( 1931, together with Carl Bosch ) in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods.

The Americans stubbornly refused to grant the new government of 1884 recognition of its international status, even after the Treaty of Ancon had ceased hostilities.

The following decades of Franco-Spanish collaboration resulted in the establishment and extension of Spanish protectorates south of the city, and Spanish influence obtained international recognition in the Berlin Conference of 1884.

Adna Chaffee, Jr. was the son of Lieutenant General Adna R. Chaffee, Sr .. Born in Junction City, Kansas on September 23, 1884, he was commissioned a Lieutenant of Cavalry in 1906 after graduating from the United States Military Academy, and won recognition as the " Army's finest horseman.

He was known as a stubborn fighter for principle, and after finding that the government's Reform Bill in 1884 contained no recognition of the scheme for proportional representation, to which he was deeply committed, he resigned office.

The continuation of these labors was seen in a Dictionary of Sects and Heresies ( 1874 ), an Annotated Bible ( 3 vols., 1878 – 1879 ), and a Cyclopaedia of Religion ( 1884 ), and received recognition in the shape of the D. D.

EL Idilio de un enfermo ( 1884 ), a most interesting fragment of autobiography, has scarcely met with the recognition which it deserves: perhaps because the pathos of the story is too unadorned.