* in Tanganyika, the area acquired on 17 February 1885 by Carl Peters for the Deutsche Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft ( DOAG, ' German East African Company ', that was initially under an Administrator: 27 May 1885-8 February 1888 Karl Peters ), since the proclamation of the German East African protectorate ( 7 May 1885-1 July 1890 ) over Witu in Kenya ; contested by Britain ; on 28 April 1888 Germany obtains a lease of the coastal strip from the Sultan of Zanzibar ), a single Reichskommissar is appointed ( 8 February 1888-21 February 1891: Hermann von Wissmann ( b. 1853-d. 1905 ), after him Governors of 1 January 1891 when proclaimed German East Africa colony ( Deutsch Ostafrika ), ending the ' private ' DOAG rule.

The Germans took control of the coastal area from the Sultan of Zanzibar in April 1891.

After completing his education at the middle school of the Beşiktaş Military Academy, he was admitted into the Musical Academy of the Ottoman Imperial Orchestra in 1891 at the age of 11, where he quickly garnered the attention of his instructors as well as that of Sultan Abdulhamit II with his talent, who soon placed him under the instruction of Chief Violinist Vondra Bey and d ’ Aradna Pasha.

Built by the Kesultanan of Deli ( Sultan of Deli ), Sultan Makmun Al Rasyid Perkasa Alamsyah in years 1887 – 1891, the palace covers 2, 772 m² and has 30 rooms.

These were followed by numerous publications after his retirement from active journalism, including Glimpses through the Cannon Smoke ( 1881 ); Chinese Gordon, a succinct record of his life ( 1884 ); Souvenirs of some Continents ( 1885 ); William I. of Germany: a Biography ( 1888 ); Havelock, in the English Men of Action Series ( 1890 ); Barracks, Bivouacs, and Battles ( 1891 ); The Afghan Wars ( 1892 ); Czar and Sultan ( 1895 ); Memories and Studies of War and Peace ( 1895 ), in many respects autobiographical ; and Colin Campbell, Lord Clyde ( 1896 ).

Pogroms occurred in: Aleppo ( 1850, 1875 ), Damascus ( 1840, 1848, 1890 ), Beirut ( 1862, 1874 ), Dayr al-Qamar ( 1847 ), Jerusalem ( 1847 ), Cairo ( 1844, 1890, 1901 – 02 ), Mansura ( 1877 ), Alexandria ( 1870, 1882, 1901 – 07 ), Port Said ( 1903, 1908 ), Damanhur ( 1871, 1873, 1877, 1891 ), Istanbul ( 1870, 1874 ), Buyukdere ( 1864 ), Kuzguncuk ( 1866 ), Eyub ( 1868 ), Edirne ( 1872 ), Izmir ( 1872, 1874 ).

In May 1891 Sayyed Ali Akbar, a prominent molla of Shiraz was removed from the city by orders of Nasir al-Din Shah due to his preaching against the concession.

* Sidi Abu Yaaza b. Ali Berrada ( d. after 1891 )

He published them in two collections, each issued in a tiny edition of 25 copies for his relatives and friends: John Marr ( 1888 ) and Timoleon ( 1891 ).

Almon Brown Strowger filed the first patent for a rotary dial, U. S. patent # 486, 909, on December 21, 1891, that was later issued to him on November 29, 1892.

There were numerous competing inventions, and 26 patents of dials, push-buttons, and similar mechanisms for signalling which telephone subscriber was wanted by a caller were issued prior to 1891.

The Mosin – Nagant Model 1891 / 30 was modified and adapted as a sniper rifle from 1932 with mounts and scopes from Germany at first and subsequantely with domestic designs ( PE, PEM ) and from 1942 was issued with 3. 5-power PU fixed focus scopes to Soviet snipers.

To his function as a preacher we owe some of his most characteristic and stimulating works, especially the discourses by which it may be said he won his way to wide and influential recognition -- Endeavours after the Christian Life, 1st series, 1843 ; 2nd series, 1847 ; Hours of Thought, 1st series, 1876 ; 2nd series, 1879 ; the various hymn-books he issued at Dublin in 1831, at Liverpool in 1840, in London in 1873 ; and the Home Prayers in 1891.

Sheridan appeared on $ 10 U. S. Treasury Notes issued in 1890 and 1891.

* Combined Telegraph and Telephone ( microphone ), filed June 1877, issued November 1891

The first edition was published from 1889 to 1891 by The Century Company of New York, in six, eight, or ten volume versions ( originally issued in 24 fascicles ) in 7, 046 pages with some 10, 000 wood-engraved illustrations.

Commemorative stamps showing him were issued in 1957 by the Irish government, and in 1891, 1935, and 1956 by the Argentine government.

* Telautograph, issued October 1891

* Art of and Apparatus for Telautographic Communication, issued October 1891 ( improved speed and accuracy )

On May 15, 1891, Leo XIII issued an encyclical on political issues known as Rerum Novarum ( Latin: " About New Things ").

The common good is a concept central to Catholic social teaching tradition beginning with the foundational document, Rerum Novarum, a papal encyclical by Pope Leo XIII, issued in 1891 to combat the excesses of both laissez-faire capitalism on the one hand and communism on the other.

Since the first issue as personal equipment in 1891 the Soldatenmesser ( Soldier Knives ) issued by the Swiss Armed Forces have been revised several times.

Rerum Novarum ( Latin for On the New Things ) is an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on May 15, 1891.

The protest climaxed in a widely-obeyed December 1891 fatwa against tobacco use supposedly issued by Grand Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi.

In December 1891 a fatwa was issued by the most important religious authority in Iran, marja ’- i taqlid Mirza Hasan Shirazi, declaring the use of tobacco to be tantamount to war against the Hidden Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi.

* Telautograph, issued October 1891

* Art of and Apparatus for Telautographic Communication, issued October 1891 ( improved speed and accuracy )

* 1891: The $ 50 Treasury or " Coin Note " was issued and given for government purchases of silver bullion from the silver mining industry.

This design went on until 1891 when a new $ 2 Silver Certificate was issued with a portrait of U. S. Treasury Secretary William Windom in the center of the obverse.

In 1891 a revised edition was issued based on the census of 1890.

In 1891, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull entitled Rerum Novarum, which is considered the Catholic Church's first expression of a view supportive of a living wage.

His portrait appeared on American paper currency, the U. S. $ 1000 Silver Certificate, issued between 1878 and 1891.

A uniform edition of his plays began to be issued in 1891 ; and his views of dramatic art were expressed from time to time in lectures and essays, collected in 1895 as The Renaissance of the English Drama.

In 1891 a proclamation was made that members of the general public could hand in any gold coins that were underweight and have them replaced by full-weight coins.

In 1891 Dominican Republic entered in the Latin monetary union and changed its currency to the franco including coins of 5 and 10 centesimos struck in bronze and 50 centesimos, 1 and 5 francos struck in silver.

Between 1891 and 1916, 4 pence coins were issued specifically for " British Guiana and West Indies " and between 1917 and 1945 for " British Guiana ".

The first discovery was in 1891 when 35 ' third bras ' coins were found at the top of Tickenham Hill.

From this moment, started the struggle for emancipating led by Colonel Coimbra until 22 May 1891, when was denominated Town of St. Sebastian of Joy and, in 1895, the town's name was changed back into " Pederneiras ".

Because of the Law of February 17 of 1891, the city of Tecapa was denominated city of Alegria.

In 1891, with help from his close friend Stéphane Mallarmé, Whistler's Mother was purchased by the French government for 4, 000 francs.

In 1891, the company built their first all-Levassor design, a " state of the art " model: the Systeme Panhard consisted of four wheels, a front-mounted engine with rear wheel drive, and a crude sliding-gear transmission, sold at 3500 francs.

He was finally able to quit his government job and concentrate on painting full-time in 1891, when he won 100, 000 francs in the state lottery.

By energetic work he succeeded, in 1891, in reaching an agreement with large owners in the Emek Jezreel and the Plain of Acco for the purchase of 160, 000 dunams km² at 15 francs per dunam franc / km² .... Before the consummation of the agreement, however the Turkish Government, alarmed by the increasing inflow of Russian Jews, prohibited Jewish immigration entirely.