* 1891 – The first attempt at a Portuguese republican revolution breaks out in the northern city of Porto.

Used as the marching song of the failed republican rebellion of January 1891, in Porto, it was adopted as the national anthem of the newborn Portuguese Republic in 1911, replacing O Hino da Carta (), the anthem of the deposed constitutional monarchy.

Alarm over the presence of the Portuguese Serpa Pinto triggered the Anglo-Portuguese Crisis, which ended with Johnston having Nyasaland ( today's Malawi ) declared the British Central Africa Protectorate, and he was made its first commissioner in 1891.

Since a failed republican insurrection on January 31, 1891, red and green had been established as the colours of the Portuguese Republican Party and its associated movements, whose political prominence kept growing until it reached a culmination period following the Republican revolution of October 5, 1910.

Her Berlin-born father immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1891 and became a naturalized citizen ; her mother was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, of Portuguese and Irish extraction.

A member of the Portuguese Republican Party ( before January 31, 1891 ), alongside Jacinto Nunes, Azevedo e Silva, Bernardino Pinheiro, Teófilo Braga and Francisco Homem Cristo, he was an active parliamentarian during the constitutional monarchy of King Luís I ; he was involved in the debates on the reform of education, the penal code and prisons, in addition to electoral reform.

In 1891, Portuguese numbered 4. 3 % of the population of Guyana.

He composed the music of A Portuguesa, the Portuguese national anthem, in 1891, with lyrics by poet and playwright Henrique Lopes de Mendonça ; it was adopted in 1911, after the proclamation of the Republic the previous year.

The Vicariate of Kottayam was renamed Changanacherry, since this town had been the centre of Catholic activity, ( e. g.: the Convocation of the Changanacherry Synod in 1888 ) and hence its headquarters had been shifted to Changanacherry in 1891.

The oldest ethnographic collections of the National Museum were inherited from the Jubilee Exhibition of 1891, with the result being that much of the focus has shifted to the past half-century, and the collections of the department are filled with simple wood and ceramic objects, which show the gradual shift from a rural society to one that has become increasingly urbanized.

Instead opposition to Arizona statehood shifted to section 16 of the 1891 constitution which mandated support of bimetallism.

In 1891, the German government took over direct administration of the territory from the German East Africa Company and appointed a governor with headquarters at Dar es Salaam.

File: UK-Hong-Kong-Stamp-1891-Overprint 50-Year-Jubilee. jpg | Hong Kong, 1891: UK colonial stamp overprinted to commemorate the 50th anniversary of British administration.

At the ensuing election Parkes was returned with a small majority and formed his fifth administration, which began in March 1889 and lasted until October 1891.

But on 9 May 1891 the British Government gave the administration of the protectorate to the High Commissioner for South Africa,

In 1891, under the administration of the City Council's Technical Instruction Committee, it was renamed the Oxford City Technical School, incorporating the School of Art, and plans were made to relocate to the former Blue Coat School for Boys on St. Ebbes.

José Paciano Laurel y García ( March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959 ) was the president of the Republic of the Philippines, a Japanese-sponsored administration during World War II, from 1943 to 1945.

In 1891 the resignation of Henri Edouard Bocher from the administration of the Orleans estates led to the appointment of d ' Haussonville as accredited representative of the comte de Paris in France.

Henry Morgenthau, Jr. (; May 11, 1891 – February 6, 1967 ) was the U. S. Secretary of the Treasury during the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

From 16 July 1884 this merged into the British protectorate over Brass, Bonny, Opobo, Aboh and Old Calabar ( excluding Lagos Colony ), which was confirmed on 5 June 1885 ), and named Oil Rivers Protectorate, where in August 1891 effective consular administration was established, headed by a consul general ( 5 June 1885 the aforementoned former consul Edward Hyde Hewett became the first ).

François-Xavier-Antoine Labelle, a Roman Catholic priest who was the great " colonizer " ( promoter of settlement ) of the North of Montreal, was in charge of the pastoral administration of Saint-Jérôme of 1868 until his death, in 1891.

They had five children: James Jackson Cabot ( b. 1891 ), Thomas Dudley Cabot ( b. 1897 ), a businessman and philanthropist in his own right, John Moors Cabot ( b. 1901 ), U. S. Ambassador to Sweden, Colombia, Brazil, and Poland during the Eisenhower and Kennedy administration, Eleanor Cabot of the Eleanor Cabot Bradley Estate and William Putnam Cabot.

Elkins served as Secretary of War in the Benjamin Harrison administration from December 17, 1891 to March 5, 1893.

On June 1, 1891 Werdohl left the Amt and became self-administrated, after it failed to get the seat of the Amt administration to be moved to Werdohl.

In 1891 he was made civil and military governor of French Indochina, where his administration, which led to open rupture with Admiral Fournier, was severely criticized.

In 1891, the literacy schools came under church administration, and maintained a largely religious curriculum, which emphasized the teaching of old Church Slavonic.

It met in Washington, D. C., from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of the administration of U. S. President Benjamin Harrison.

He again held political office as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs between 1886 and 1891 and as Postmaster General between 1891 and 1892 in Lord Salisbury's Conservative administration.

April 1891 saw the three storey administration building open next door.

Mackintosh would stick with his original plan of asking Frederick Haultain who was already Chairman of the Executive Committee to form the government, leaving Robert Brett to form the Official opposition of the Northwest Territories Liberal Party and oppose the Haultain administration as he had done so since 1891.

Although the German East Africa protectorate was proclaimed over the region in 1885, as late as 1891 travellers reported it to be a lawless town and the German colonial administration did not gain control of it until later that year.

Aoki was forced to resign as a consequence of the Ōtsu Incident of 1891, but resumed his post as Foreign Minister under the Matsukata administration.

Nobel travelled for much of his business life, maintaining companies in various countries in Europe and North America and keeping a permanent home in Paris from 1873 to 1891.

The first plat for Redmond was filed on May 11, 1891, encompassing much of the area now known as downtown.

He devoted much of the rest of his life to the Kelmscott Press, which he founded in 1891.

Grace himself had much to say about how to play cricket in his two books Cricket ( 1891 ) and Reminiscences ( 1899 ), which were both ghost-written.

The current church contains 12th century work but has been much extended over the centuries ; most dramatically in 1891 when a new nave and north aisle were added.

Custer's wife, Elizabeth, who had accompanied him in many of his frontier expeditions, did much to advance this view with the publication of several books about her late husband: Boots and Saddles, Life with General Custer in Dakota ( 1885 ), Tenting on the Plains ( 1887 ), and Following the Guidon ( 1891 ).

But though The Light of the World ( 1891 ), in which this took shape, had considerable poetic merit, it lacked the novelty of theme and setting which had given the earlier poem much of its attractiveness ; and it failed to repeat the success gained by The Light of Asia.

Among others of his works were the following: Beiträge zur Lehre vom Besitz, first published in the Jahrbücher für die Dogmatik des heutigen römischen und deutschen Privatrechts, and then separately ; Der Besitzwille, and an article entitled Besitz in the Handwörterbuch der Staatswissenschaften ( 1891 ), which aroused at the time much controversy, particularly on account of the opposition manifested to Savigny's conception of the subject.

By 1891 O ' Connor had much experience in harbour and dock construction when he resigned his position in April that year to become Engineer-in-Chief of Western Australia.

The French racing cyclist Charles Terront, renowned for winning the first Paris – Brest – Paris event in 1891, used Rudge's axles with much success thereby bringing world attention to Rudge.

Some describe the couple as intimate lesbian partners, citing as an example Bates ' 1891 letter to Coman: " It was never very possible to leave Wellesley good, because so many love-anchors held me there, and it seemed least of all possible when I had just found the long-desired way to your dearest heart ... Of course I want to come to you, very much as I want to come to Heaven.

Most of the water-delivery infrastructure had been destroyed by an 1891 flood, so this later stage of mining was carried on at a much smaller scale in California.

In 1890 he discovered that thorium was superior to magnesium and in 1891 he perfected a new mixture of 99 % thorium dioxide and 1 % cerium dioxide that gave off a much whiter light and produced a stronger mantle.

Following fires in 1879 and 1891, much of the village was rebuilt for tourism.

Concern over phossy jaw contributed to the London matchgirls strike of 1888, and although this strike did not end the use of white phosphorus, William Booth and the Salvation Army opened a match-making factory in 1891 which used the much safer, though more expensive, red phosphorus.

Couperus ' 1891 novel Noodlot (' Footsteps of Fate ') was much admired by Oscar Wilde, and many have noted stylistic similarities between Noodlot and Wilde's 1890 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.

Once the League folded in 1891, pretty much every player that left the National League or the American Association for the Players League was allowed to return to their original team.

He was very much inspired by the Rerum Novarum encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in 1891.

After much debate, it had been decided that the first show in the true Triangle tradition of original work was Po-ca-hon-tas in 1891 ; hence the choice of 1991 for the one-hundredth anniversary.

By WWII, many railroads required watches that were of a much higher grade ( as many as 23 jewels, for example ) than those made to comply with the original 1891 standard.

In the 1891 census, 59. 2 % of the population of Braemar spoke the Gaelic language " habitually ", the percentage of those actually able to speak the language ( despite not having much opportunity to ) would have been somewhat higher.

In 1891, he visited Australia, where he painted a portrait of the Prime Minister of New South Wales, Sir Henry Parkes which excited much admiration in Sydney because of its striking resemblance.

Marion Bloom ( 1891 – 1975 ) was H. L. Mencken's lover for much of the early twentieth century-eventually becoming close enough that they seriously considered marriage.

The Century Company acquired rights to Annandale's Imperial and used it as the basis for the much larger American work, the Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, published 1889 – 1891.