Some early scientists such as Georg Ernst Stahl ( 1659-1734 ) and Francisque Bouillier ( 1813 – 1899 ) had supported a form of animism which life and mind, the directive principle in evolution and growth, holding that all cannot be traced back to chemical and mechanical processes, but that there is a directive force which guides energy without altering its amount.

The 1899 act mentioned above was replaced in 1997 — until then the government had stated there were no ethnic minority groups.

The Australia of 1904 saw exactly the same kit as in 1899, and it seemed that the British touring sides had settled on kits particular to the host destination.

The term " Cheer Leader " had been used as early as 1897, with Princeton's football officials having named three students as Cheer Leaders: Thomas, Easton and Guerin from Princeton's classes of 1898, 1898 and 1899, respectively, on October 26, 1897 ; these students would cheer for the team also at football practices, and special cheering sections were designated in the stands for the games themselves for both the home and visiting teams.

There were two younger brothers, Hanly ( 1899 – 1983 ) and Carey ( 1902 – 1976 ), who were born after the family had moved to the nearby suburb of Beckenham — in Oakwood Avenue.

The Wehrmacht's defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad led Finland to basically revert to its 19th-century traditions, which had been perceived as highly successful until the Russification of Finland ( 1899 – 1905 ).

The Finnish labour movement, which emerged at the end of the 19th century from folk, temperance, and religious movements, as well as fennomania, had a Finnish nationalist, working-class character, and was represented by the Social Democratic Party, established in 1899.

Workers ' activism after 1899 had been directed toward opposing Russification, and had also sought to develop a domestic policy that tackled social problems and responded to the demand for democracy.

Various Governors-General had previously served as governors of an Australian state or colony: Lord Hopetoun ( Victoria 1889 – 95 ); Lord Tennyson ( South Australia 1899 – 1902 ); Lord Gowrie ( South Australia 1928 – 34 ; and New South Wales 1935 – 36 ); Major General Michael Jeffery ( Western Australia 1993 – 2000 ); Quentin Bryce ( Queensland 2003 – 08 ).

In 1899, the banana industry in Honduras was growing rapidly and the peaceful transfer of power from Policarpo Bonilla to General Terencio Sierra would mark the first time in decades that such a constitutional transition had taken place.

A census of 1899 revealed that northern Honduras had been exporting bananas for several years and that over 1, 000 people in the region between Puerto Cortes and La Ceiba ( and inland as far as San Pedro Sula ) were tending bananas, most of them small holders.

Towards the end of 1899, the Adepts of the Isis-Urania and Amen-Ra temples had become dissatisfied with Mathers ' leadership as well as his growing friendship with Crowley.

It was fixed in a 1913 treaty between the Ottoman Empire and British officials acting on behalf of Kuwait's ruling family, which in 1899 had ceded control over foreign affairs to Britain.

It immediately laid claim to the Shatt al-Arab waterway, Iran's oil rich Khuzestan Province, and the British protectorate of Kuwait, since Kuwait had been part of Mesopotamia prior its takeover by the British in 1899.

Although Sisley died in poverty in 1899, Renoir had a great Salon success in 1879.

By 1899, Karachi had become the largest wheat exporting port in the East.

In Siberia, Trotsky became aware of the differences within the party, which had been decimated by arrests in 1898 and 1899.

When the storms failed to return in 1899, it was generally thought that the dust had moved on and storms were a thing of the past.

The first cars were produced in 1899 after Opel's sons entered into a partnership with Friedrich Lutzmann, a locksmith at the court in Dessau in Saxony-Anhalt, who had been working on automobile designs for some time.

Early in June 1899, while home on leave, he had a chance encounter in a London street with Clements Markham ( now knighted and RGS President ), and learned for the first time of an impending Antarctic expedition under the auspices of the Royal Geographical Society.

In 1899 Steiner experienced what he described as a life-transforming inner encounter with the being of Christ ; previously he had little or no relation to Christianity in any form.

The book Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning by R. H. Allen ( 1899 ) has had effects on star names:

In 1899, Diaghilev became special assistant to Prince Sergei Mikhaylovich Volkonsky, who had recently taken over directorship of all Imperial theaters.

Roosevelt had a lifelong interest in pursuing what he called, in an 1899 speech, " the strenuous life ".

The term became popular again in Australia first, when George Giffen, in his memoirs ( With Bat and Ball, 1899 ), used the term as if it were well known.

Alpha particles were first described in the investigations of radioactivity by Ernest Rutherford in 1899, and by 1907 they were identified as He < sup > 2 +</ sup > ions.

The first mention of an arcological structure might be in H. G. Wells's When the Sleeper Wakes, published in 1899.

The first group arrived in 1898 and throughout late 1898 to early 1899 Western Bahá ’ ís sporadically visited ` Abdu ' l-Bahá.

In 1899 the British Isles touring side returned to Australia for the first time since the unofficial tour of 1888.

They also started the All England Open Badminton Championships, the first badminton competition in the world, in 1899.

Following the purchase of of prime pampas wheat fields, Bunge & Born established Centenera, their first food processing plant, in 1899.

Following the War of the Thousand Days ( 1899 – 1902 ), Colombia experienced a coffee boom that catapulted the country into the modern period, bringing the attendant benefits of transportation, particularly railroads, communications infrastructure, and the first major attempts at manufacturing.

In 1899, Mile-a-Minute Murphy became the first man to ride his bicycle a mile in under a minute, which he did by drafting a locomotive at New York's Long Island.

The first was when 3 Scottish firms formed the United Turkey Red Co. Ltd in 1897, and the second, in 1899, was the much larger Calico Printers ' Association.

The French navy, an extensive user of torpedo boats, built its first torpedo boat destroyer in 1899, with the Durandal-class ' torpilleur d ' escadre '.

It was popularized by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin ( 1856 – 1926 ) in 1893, 1896 and 1899 in his first detailed textbook descriptions of a condition that would eventually be reframed into a substantially different disease concept and relabeled as schizophrenia.

In his famous series of lectures Talks to Teachers on Psychology, published in 1899 and now regarded as the first educational psychology textbook, James defines education as " the organization of acquired habits of conduct and tendencies to behavior ”.

The first cinema in Poland ( then occupied by the Russian Empire ) was founded in Łódź in 1899, several years after the invention of the Cinematograph.

American Mutoscope and Biograph was the first known company to use this, for the Jeffries-Sharkey fight on November 3, 1899.

* 1899 – Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur Iceland's first football club is founded.

The Finns called the integration policy " the first period of oppression, 1899 – 1905.

After 1899 Finnish-Russian relations worsened, and plans for disengagement from Russia or sovereignty for Finland were drawn up for the first time.

It was first published as a three-part serial, February, March, and April of 1899, in Blackwood's Magazine ( February 1899 was the magazine's 1000th issue: special edition ).

Hen wlad fy nhadau was also one of the first Welsh-language songs recorded when Madge Breese sang it on 11 March 1899, for the Gramophone Company, as part of the first recording in the Welsh language.

In 1899, Carter was appointed the first chief inspector of the Egyptian Antiquities Service ( EAS ).

In the years that followed, other states subscribed to limitations of their conduct, and numerous other treaties and bodies were created to regulate the conduct of states towards one another in terms of these treaties, including, but not limited to, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 1899 ; the Hague and Geneva Conventions, the first of which was passed in 1907 ; the International Court of Justice in 1921 ; the Genocide Convention ; and the International Criminal Court, in the late 1990s.